Problemas bucodentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (I): Indice de placa y caries dental
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Arrieta Blanco, Juan José
Jiménez Martínez, Esther
Saavedra Vallejo, Pilar
Arrieta Blanco, Francisco Jesús
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Abstract
La diabetes mellitus es considerada, hoy día, como
una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes; por
ello, es importante conocer cuales son sus alteraciones
más relevantes a nivel bucal.
Objetivos: Estudiar los distintos signos y síntomas que
presentan los pacientes diabéticos en la cavidad oral.
Valorar el estado de higiene oral y la prevalencia de
caries dental en una población diabética con respecto
a una población control.
Diseño del estudio: Hemos realizado el trabajo sobre
70 pacientes diabéticos (30 varones y 40 mujeres) con
edades comprendidas entre 11 y 81 años, y una población
control de 74 pacientes no diabéticos (29 varones
y 45 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre
11 y 75 años. Dentro de la población diabética se valoró
el tipo de diabetes, el grado de control de su enfermedad
mediante la hemoglobina glicosilada, el tiempo
de evolución de la diabetes y la existencia o no de
complicaciones tardías. La higiene oral se midió mediante
el índice placa de O´Leary. La prevalencia de
caries se estudió mediante el índice CAOD.
Resultados: El estado de higiene oral fue significativamente
peor en los pacientes diabéticos respecto
a los controles a partir de los 56 años de edad. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en la prevalencia
de caries ni en el índice CAOD, si bien, éste
fue ligeramente más elevado en los pacientes diabéticos.
El estudio de los pacientes diabéticos evidenció
que sólo el tipo y la evolución de su enfermedad fueron
parámetros significativos en relación al número
de caries, mientras que para el índice de placa no se
halló significación para ninguno de los parámetros
analizados.
Conclusiones: En el presente estudio hemos observado
un mayor número de ausencias dentarias en la población
diabética con respecto a una población sana.
No hemos encontrado diferencias en el número de
caries, ausencias y obturaciones en función del control
metabólico, tiempo de evolución y existencia o
no de complicaciones tardías de la diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is presently considered as one of the most frequent chronic disease, thus, it is important to know what its most relevant buccal disorders are. Objectives: Study the different signs and symptoms that diabetic patients present in the oral cavity. Assess the status of oral hygiene and prevalence of dental caries in a diabetic population in regards to a control population. Study design: We have performed the study on 70 diabetic patients (30 men and 40 women) whose ages ranged from 11 to 81 years, and a control population of 74 non-diabetic (29 men and 45 women) whose ages ranged from 11 to 75 years. Within the diabetic population, the type of diabetes, degree of control of their disease by glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes evolution time and existence of late complications were assessed. Oral hygiene was measured with the O'Leary plaque index. The prevalence of caries was studied with the CAOD index. Results: The oral hygiene status was significantly worse in the diabetic patients in regards to the controls after 56 years of age. We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence of caries or in the CAOD index, although this was slightly higher in the diabetic patients. The study of the diabetic patients showed that only the type and evolution of their disease were significant parameters in relationship to the number of caries, while no significance was found on the plaque index for any of the parameters analyzed. Conclusions: In this study, we have observed a larger number of dental absences in the diabetic population in regards to a healthy population. We have found no differences in the number of caries, absences and obturations based on metabolic control, evolution time and existence of late complications of diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is presently considered as one of the most frequent chronic disease, thus, it is important to know what its most relevant buccal disorders are. Objectives: Study the different signs and symptoms that diabetic patients present in the oral cavity. Assess the status of oral hygiene and prevalence of dental caries in a diabetic population in regards to a control population. Study design: We have performed the study on 70 diabetic patients (30 men and 40 women) whose ages ranged from 11 to 81 years, and a control population of 74 non-diabetic (29 men and 45 women) whose ages ranged from 11 to 75 years. Within the diabetic population, the type of diabetes, degree of control of their disease by glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes evolution time and existence of late complications were assessed. Oral hygiene was measured with the O'Leary plaque index. The prevalence of caries was studied with the CAOD index. Results: The oral hygiene status was significantly worse in the diabetic patients in regards to the controls after 56 years of age. We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence of caries or in the CAOD index, although this was slightly higher in the diabetic patients. The study of the diabetic patients showed that only the type and evolution of their disease were significant parameters in relationship to the number of caries, while no significance was found on the plaque index for any of the parameters analyzed. Conclusions: In this study, we have observed a larger number of dental absences in the diabetic population in regards to a healthy population. We have found no differences in the number of caries, absences and obturations based on metabolic control, evolution time and existence of late complications of diabetes.
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Arrieta Blanco, J. J., Bartolomé Villar, B., Jiménez Martínez, E., Saavedra Vallejo, P., & Arrieta Blanco, F. J. (2003). Problemas bucodentales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (I): Indice de placa y caries dental. Medicina Oral, 8(2), 97-109.






