Multicomponent Exercise Program to Avoid Productivity Loss Due to COVID-19: A Prospective Study With a Brief Report of 2-Year Follow-Up

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate and quantify the mitigation of productivity deficits in individuals recovering from post-COVID-19 conditions by implementing a multicomponent exercise program (MEP).

Methods: Thirty-nine post-COVID-19 patients meeting specific criteria participated in a 7-week intervention program involving cycloergometer interval training, strength exercises, and respiratory physiotherapy. Follow-up assessments occurred 2 weeks post-intervention and 23 months later via telephone interviews. The study computed the average avoided loss of productivity to estimate indirect costs.

Results: Over 2 years, 51.4% had persistent symptoms and 48.7% reported complex issues. Age differences were observed between retired and employed individuals. Multinomial regression revealed a 91.849 times higher likelihood of simple signs in employed individuals and a 1.579 times higher likelihood of being older in retirees. Simple symptoms were associated with a 90 000 times higher likelihood of returning to work. Sensitivity analysis indicated potential productivity gains from €117 955 to €134 004 per patient over a 4-year horizon.

Conclusion: The MEP is a safe and effective post-COVID recovery intervention, notably aiding workforce reintegration for individuals with simple signs. Patients with such signs were significantly more likely to return to work, highlighting potential productivity gains and emphasizing the need for further research on the program's cost-effectiveness and broader societal benefits.