Evaluación de un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores no institucionalizados
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Guillem Saiz, Javier
Wang, Yang
Piedrahita Valdés, Hilary
Guillem Saiz, Patricia
Saiz Sánchez, Carmen
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Abstract
La actividad física es uno de los hábitos clave que influyen en el envejecimiento saludable, según la OMS. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto en la esfera
funcional de un programa de actividad física realizado en el contexto de un taller de
envejecimiento activo. Se realizó un estudio de diseño de preintervención y postintervención en un solo grupo. Se incluyeron 54 adultos sanos, no institucionalizados, de
edad igual o mayor a 60 años. El programa de actividad física consistió en 90 sesiones
grupales bisemanales, de 45-60 minutos de duración, realizadas durante 45 semanas.
Los participantes realizaron estiramientos y ejercicios aeróbicos y de tonificación muscular de intensidad progresiva a lo largo del programa. Valoramos la escala de Tinetti,
la prueba cronometrada de levantarse y andar (Timed Up and Go Test, TUG) y el Senior
Fitness Test (SFT) en las semanas 0 y 45 del programa. En la semana 45, objetivamos
una mejoría significativa en la movilidad, de acuerdo con el TUG, y en la fuerza de los
miembros inferiores, evaluada mediante el SFT. Adicionalmente, observamos un mantenimiento en la capacidad de la marcha y el equilibrio, determinados por la escala de
Tinetti, y la fuerza de los miembros superiores, la resistencia aeróbica y la flexibilidad
de los trenes superior e inferior, según el SFT. Los resultados del estudio sugirieron
que los ejercicios de actividad física incluidos en nuestro programa podrían producir
una desaceleración en la pérdida de los parámetros de la esfera funcional de los
adultos mayores de 60 años.
Physical activity is one of the key habits that influence healthy ageing, according to WHO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical activity programme conducted in the context of an active ageing workshop on the functional sphere. The study had a single-group pre- and post-intervention design. It included 54 healthy, non-institutionalised adults aged 60 or over. The physical activity programme consisted of 90 twice-weekly group sessions lasting 45-60 minutes over 45 weeks. The participants did stretches and aerobic and muscle-toning exercises rising gradually in intensity throughout the programme. They were assessed with the Tinetti scale, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) at weeks 0 and 45 of the programme. At week 45, we found a significant improvement in mobility according to the TUG and in lower-limb strength evaluated by the SFT. Additionally, we found that gait and balance capacity, determined by the Tinetti scale, remained the same, as did upper-limb strength, aerobic endurance and upper and lower body flexibility, according to the SFT. The study results suggested that the physical activity exercises included in our programme may slow down the loss of functional sphere parameters in adults aged 60 or over.
Physical activity is one of the key habits that influence healthy ageing, according to WHO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical activity programme conducted in the context of an active ageing workshop on the functional sphere. The study had a single-group pre- and post-intervention design. It included 54 healthy, non-institutionalised adults aged 60 or over. The physical activity programme consisted of 90 twice-weekly group sessions lasting 45-60 minutes over 45 weeks. The participants did stretches and aerobic and muscle-toning exercises rising gradually in intensity throughout the programme. They were assessed with the Tinetti scale, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) at weeks 0 and 45 of the programme. At week 45, we found a significant improvement in mobility according to the TUG and in lower-limb strength evaluated by the SFT. Additionally, we found that gait and balance capacity, determined by the Tinetti scale, remained the same, as did upper-limb strength, aerobic endurance and upper and lower body flexibility, according to the SFT. The study results suggested that the physical activity exercises included in our programme may slow down the loss of functional sphere parameters in adults aged 60 or over.
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Bibliographic reference
Guillem-Saiz, J., Wang, Y., Piedrahita-Valdés, H., Guillem-Saiz, P., & Saiz-Sánchez, C. (2021). Evaluación de un programa de actividad física en adultos mayores no institucionalizados. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 145, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2021/3).145.01



