Valoración de la competencia de los pacientes para tomar decisiones
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Pinto Pastor, Pilar
Márquez Mendoza, Octavio
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Para que los enfermos puedan tomar decisiones autónomamente (y que se produzca el consentimiento informado) tiene que haber información, comprensión, libertad y voluntariedad, siendo la competencia un prerrequisito para la autonomía. Los clínicos se enfrentan con frecuencia a pacientes incompetentes para tomar decisiones, pero detectan menos de la mitad de los casos y, además, con frecuencia la evaluación de la competencia no es adecuada. Este artículo ofrece unas pautas para la valoración de la competencia en aquellos pacientes en los que existen dudas sobre si están en condiciones para tomar decisiones sobre su salud. El procedimiento se basa en 5 pasos: 1) reconocer las situaciones que requieren una valoración de la competencia; 2) evaluación completa de la competencia; 3) correlacionar el grado de competencia con la complejidad de la decisión a tomar; 4) intentar mejorar la competencia del paciente cuando sea posible, y finalmente 5) establecer quién toma la decisión.
For patients to be able to make decisions autonomously (and to grant informed consent), they must have information, understanding, freedom and willingness, with competence a prerequisite for autonomy. Clinicians are often faced with patients lacking competence to make decisions but detect less than half of such cases and often inadequately assess the patients’ competence. This article offers guidelines for assessing the competence of patients for whom there are doubts about their ability to make decisions concerning their health. The procedure is based on 5 steps: 1) recognising the conditions that require a competence assessment; 2) fully evaluating the competence; 3) correlating the degree of competence with the complexity of the decision; 4) improving the patient's competence when possible; and 5) establishing who will make the decision.
For patients to be able to make decisions autonomously (and to grant informed consent), they must have information, understanding, freedom and willingness, with competence a prerequisite for autonomy. Clinicians are often faced with patients lacking competence to make decisions but detect less than half of such cases and often inadequately assess the patients’ competence. This article offers guidelines for assessing the competence of patients for whom there are doubts about their ability to make decisions concerning their health. The procedure is based on 5 steps: 1) recognising the conditions that require a competence assessment; 2) fully evaluating the competence; 3) correlating the degree of competence with the complexity of the decision; 4) improving the patient's competence when possible; and 5) establishing who will make the decision.
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Palacios, G. J., Pinto, P., Márquez, O., & Herreros, B. (2020). Valoración de la competencia de los pacientes para tomar decisiones. Revista Clínica Española, 220(4), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2019.04.009






