Eficacia y seguridad de la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) en la artroscopia de rodilla
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Abstract
Objetivo:
Valorar la eficacia y seguridad de la utilización de
las heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) como medida
profiláctica de la enfermedad tromboembólica (ETE) en los pa-
cientes sometidos a artroscopia de rodilla.
Procedimiento:
Se ha estudiado de forma retrospectiva la
aparición de trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y/o embolismo
pulmonar (EP) en un grupo de pacientes que han sido someti-
dos de forma consecutiva a artroscopia de rodilla entre el 1 de
enero de 2002 y el 31 de septiembre de 2002 y que han reci-
bido alguna HBPM como profilaxis tromboembólica.
Resultados:
Se realizaron 624 artroscopias de rodilla. Todos
los pacientes recibieron una HBPM perioperatoria y posterior-
mente durante 9,1 ± 4,6 días. Sólo un paciente presentó una
TVP sintomática (0,2%). No aparecieron complicaciones he-
morrágicas mayores pero sí menores en 15 pacientes (2,4%).
Conclusiones:
El empleo de HBPM como profilaxis de la ETE
en pacientes sometidos a artroscopia de rodilla es eficaz y con
poco riesgo hemorrágico. La eficacia y el riesgo hemorrágico
son similares si la HBPM se inicia antes o en el postoperatorio
inmediato. La duración del tratamiento debe plantearse en fun-
ción de la técnica quirúrgica y del tiempo de reposo total y en
descarga.
Purpose: To determine efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in preventing venous thromboembo- lism (VTE) in patients undergoing arthroscopy knee surgery. Methods: Restrospective review of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) in a group of conse- cutive patients undergoing arthroscopy knee surgery in the pe- riod from January 2002 until September 2002 and that had re- ceived a LMWH as thromboprophylaxis. Results: There were 624 patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy. All of them received a perioperative doses of LMWH and 9.1 ± 4.6 days after surgery. Only a patient deve- loped a symptomatic DVT. There was no major bleeding but fif- teen patients (2.4%) presented minor bleedings. Conclusions: Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroscopy with low molecular weight heparin is effec- tive and safe with a low risk of minor bleeding. Effectiveness and haemorrhagic risk are similar using LMWH before or af- ter surgery. Surgical procedure and duration of total and par- tial immobilization could determine the duration of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
Purpose: To determine efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in preventing venous thromboembo- lism (VTE) in patients undergoing arthroscopy knee surgery. Methods: Restrospective review of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) in a group of conse- cutive patients undergoing arthroscopy knee surgery in the pe- riod from January 2002 until September 2002 and that had re- ceived a LMWH as thromboprophylaxis. Results: There were 624 patients undergoing elective knee arthroscopy. All of them received a perioperative doses of LMWH and 9.1 ± 4.6 days after surgery. Only a patient deve- loped a symptomatic DVT. There was no major bleeding but fif- teen patients (2.4%) presented minor bleedings. Conclusions: Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroscopy with low molecular weight heparin is effec- tive and safe with a low risk of minor bleeding. Effectiveness and haemorrhagic risk are similar using LMWH before or af- ter surgery. Surgical procedure and duration of total and par- tial immobilization could determine the duration of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
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Bibliographic reference
Pintor-Holguín, E., Rubio, M., Hernándo-Jerez, M. A., y Montilla-Mora, P. (2004). Eficacia y seguridad de la tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) en la artroscopia de rodilla. Patología del Aparato Locomotor, 2(2), 81-86, 28 ref.






