Impact of Peripheral Inflammation on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

The blood–brain barrier is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating molecular exchange between the systemic circulation and the central nervous system. However, its dysfunction, often driven by peripheral inflammatory processes, has been increasingly linked to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review explores the molecular mechanisms linking peripheral inflammation, gut microbiota, and BBB dysfunction, emphasizing their role in neurodegeneration.