Diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico versus embolizador de la hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática
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Choque Cuba, Bernardino
Sierra Rodríguez, Mario
López Ramírez, Yaiza
Bernal Piñeiro, Jorge
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Introducción: Tras un episodio de hemorragia subaracnoidea inicial fallecen hasta el 50% de los pacientes, y el 30-40% de los enfermos sufren un nuevo sangrado durante el primer mes. El porcentaje de defunciones debido al resangrado se encuentra entre el 60 y el 75%. Tanto la embolización endovascular como la cirugía disminuyen la tasa de mortalidad y mejoran la calidad de vida de los supervivientes. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio ha sido describir una serie de pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea, secundaria a rotura aneurismática, tratados en el Hospital Universitario de Getafe entre los años 2010 y 2019, estudiar las diferentes opciones de diagnóstico y de tratamiento, y definir los factores pronósticos más importantes. Además, se compararon los resultados de ambos tratamientos (quirúrgico y endovascular). Material y métodos: Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de revisión de historias clínicas, recogiendo las principales variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Resultados: Se ha estudiado a 110 pacientes, 58 varones y 52 mujeres, con una edad media de 40,8 años. Del total, 25 pacientes han sido tratados quirúrgicamente y 85 mediante embolización endovascular. En este estudio, la situación clínica neurológica al ingreso, el volumen y la distribución de sangre en la tomografía computarizada y la edad del paciente parecen ser las variables más influyentes en el resultado evolutivo final. Discusión: Se ha establecido que el mejor manejo en este tipo de pacientes es la realización de tomografía computarizada de cráneo y arteriografía cerebral, así como el ingreso para vigilancia en UCI. La cirugía sigue teniendo un papel importante en el tratamiento de los aneurismas que originan hemorragia subaracnoidea, y las indicaciones de la embolización endovascular están cada vez mejor definidas. La embolización endovascular es un método seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento de los aneurismas cerebrales.
Introduction: After an episode of initial subarachnoid hemorrhage, up to 50% of patients die, and 30-40% of patients suffer from new bleeding during the first month. The percentage of deaths due to rebleeding is between 60% and 75%. Both endovascular embolization and surgery decrease the mortality rate, and improve the quality of life of survivors. Objective: The objective of this study has been to describe a series of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, secondary to aneurysmal rupture, treated at the University Hospital of Getafe between 2010 and 2019, study the different diagnostic and treatment options, and define the most important prognostic factors. In addition, compare the results of both treatments (surgical and endovascular). Material and methods: A descriptive, retrospective study of review of medical records has been carried out, including epidemiology. Results: A total of 110 patients, 58 men and 52 women, with a mean age of 40.8 years have been studied. Of the total, 25 patients have been treated surgically and 85 by endovascular embolization. In this study, the clinical neurological situation at admission, the volume and distribution of blood on computed tomography and the patient's age appear to be the most influential variables in the final result. Discussion: It has been established that the best management in this type of patients is the performance of computed tomography of the skull and cerebral arteriography, as well as admission for surveillance in the ICU. Surgery continues to play an important role in the treatment of aneurysms that cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the indications of endovascular embolization are increasingly well defined. Endovascular embolization is a safe and effective method in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
Introduction: After an episode of initial subarachnoid hemorrhage, up to 50% of patients die, and 30-40% of patients suffer from new bleeding during the first month. The percentage of deaths due to rebleeding is between 60% and 75%. Both endovascular embolization and surgery decrease the mortality rate, and improve the quality of life of survivors. Objective: The objective of this study has been to describe a series of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, secondary to aneurysmal rupture, treated at the University Hospital of Getafe between 2010 and 2019, study the different diagnostic and treatment options, and define the most important prognostic factors. In addition, compare the results of both treatments (surgical and endovascular). Material and methods: A descriptive, retrospective study of review of medical records has been carried out, including epidemiology. Results: A total of 110 patients, 58 men and 52 women, with a mean age of 40.8 years have been studied. Of the total, 25 patients have been treated surgically and 85 by endovascular embolization. In this study, the clinical neurological situation at admission, the volume and distribution of blood on computed tomography and the patient's age appear to be the most influential variables in the final result. Discussion: It has been established that the best management in this type of patients is the performance of computed tomography of the skull and cerebral arteriography, as well as admission for surveillance in the ICU. Surgery continues to play an important role in the treatment of aneurysms that cause subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the indications of endovascular embolization are increasingly well defined. Endovascular embolization is a safe and effective method in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.
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Ortega Zufiría, J. M., Choque Cuba, B., Sierra Rodríguez, M., López Ramírez, Y., Bernal Piñeiro, J., Tamarit Degenhardt, M., Poveda Núñez, P., & Costa Lorente, J. (2020). Diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico versus embolizador de la hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática. Neurología Argentina, 12(4), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEUARG.2020.07.006







