Effects of resistance training on patients with End‑Stage Renal Disease: an umbrella review with meta‑analysis of the pooled findings

Abstract

Objectives This umbrella review aimed to review the effects of resistance training on patients with end-stage renal disease and assess the methodological quality of the available literature. Methods An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis was performed. A systematic search was conducted until May 2022. Article selection, quality assessment, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The meta-metaanalyses were performed with a random-effects model and the summary statistics were presented in the form of a forest plot with a weighted compilation of all standardized mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Twenty-four reviews were eventually included. The protocol was registered in the international registry PROSPERO (CRD42022321702). Results Resistance training showed positive effects on functional capacity (g = 0.614), aerobic capacity (g = 0.587), healthrelated quality of life (g = 0.429), and peak force (g = 0.621). Fifteen of the included studies (63%) presented low risk of bias, and the remaining studies (37%) showed unclear risk of bias. Conclusion Resistance training in patients undergoing hemodialysis is an intervention that shows positive results regarding physical and functional outcomes. The quality level of the literature is inconclusive, but the included studies present low risk of bias.