Visual acuity percentile curves in a Spanish paediatric
population
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Abstract
Objetivo: El objetivo principal de este estudio es
obtener curvas percentiles de agudeza visual monocular y binocular en escala decimal en una población española de entre 3 y 12 años.
Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal que incluyó a niños de
entre 3 y 12 años sin enfermedades oculares y/o
sistémicas conocidas. La selección de la muestra se realizó mediante un método de muestreo
por conveniencia realizado en tres colegios y un
hospital de la Comunidad de Madrid. La agudeza
visual lejana monocular y binocular se midió utilizando la Unidad de Visión Bueno Matilla en escala
decimal, tanto para pruebas monoculares como
binoculares. La prueba utilizada fue la prueba
de letras simétricas incluida con esta unidad. Se
realizó una estadística descriptiva y los valores de
agudeza visual obtenidos fueron para los percentiles 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 y 95.
Resultados: Se evaluó y analizó la agudeza visual
de 1.300 niños. En todas las curvas de percentiles
obtenidas se ha observado un aumento de la agudeza visual relacionada con la edad, alcanzando
un valor cercano a la unidad del percentil 50, en
torno a los cinco años y tres meses de edad, en
condiciones monoculares y algo antes en condiciones binoculares.
Conclusión: Si bien el tipo de muestreo realizado no permite una generalización a toda la población, estas curvas percentiles pueden ayudar
al profesional pediátrico a decidir la derivación
del niño en cuestión al profesional de la visión,
de modo que determinadas afecciones, como la
ambliopía o los primeros estadios escolares de la
miopía, pueden detectarse temprano.
Purpose: The main objective of this study is to obtain percentile curves of monocular and binocular visual acuity on a decimal scale in a Spanish population aged between 3 and 12 years old. Materials and method: Descriptive, observational and transversal study which included children between 3 and 12 years old without any known eye and/or systemic diseases. The selection of the sample was made by means of a convenience sampling method carried out in three schools and a hospital of the Community of Madrid. Far monocular and binocular visual acuity was measured using the Bueno Matilla vision unit on a decimal scale, both for monocular and binocular tests. The test used was the symmetrical letters test included with this unit. A descriptive statistic was performed and the visual acuity percentile values obtained were 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95. Results: The visual acuity of 1300 children was evaluated and analysed. In all the percentile curves obtained, an increase in age-related visual acuity has been observed, reaching a value close to the unit for the 50th percentile, around five years and three months of age, under monocular conditions and somewhat earlier in binocular conditions. Conclusion: Although the type of sampling performed does not allow a generalization to the entire population, these percentile curves may help the paediatric professional to decide the referral of the relevant child to the eyecare professional, so that certain conditions, like amblyopia or the early stages of school myopia may be early detected.
Purpose: The main objective of this study is to obtain percentile curves of monocular and binocular visual acuity on a decimal scale in a Spanish population aged between 3 and 12 years old. Materials and method: Descriptive, observational and transversal study which included children between 3 and 12 years old without any known eye and/or systemic diseases. The selection of the sample was made by means of a convenience sampling method carried out in three schools and a hospital of the Community of Madrid. Far monocular and binocular visual acuity was measured using the Bueno Matilla vision unit on a decimal scale, both for monocular and binocular tests. The test used was the symmetrical letters test included with this unit. A descriptive statistic was performed and the visual acuity percentile values obtained were 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95. Results: The visual acuity of 1300 children was evaluated and analysed. In all the percentile curves obtained, an increase in age-related visual acuity has been observed, reaching a value close to the unit for the 50th percentile, around five years and three months of age, under monocular conditions and somewhat earlier in binocular conditions. Conclusion: Although the type of sampling performed does not allow a generalization to the entire population, these percentile curves may help the paediatric professional to decide the referral of the relevant child to the eyecare professional, so that certain conditions, like amblyopia or the early stages of school myopia may be early detected.
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Bibliographic reference
Navas-Navia, B., García-Montero, L., Pérez-Sánchez, B., & Villa-Collar, C. (2022). Visual acuity percentile curves in a Spanish paediatric population. Journal of Optometry, 15(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2021.01.001







