Study Design and Rationale of “A Multicenter, Open-Labeled, Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing MIdazolam Versus Morphine in Acute Pulmonary Edema”: MIMO Trial

Abstract

Purpose: Morphine has been used for several decades in cases of acute pulmonary edema (APE) due to the anxiolytic and vasodilatory properties of the drug. The non-specific depression of the central nervous system is probably the most significant factor for the changes in hemodynamics in APE. Retrospective studies have shown both negative and neutral effects in patients with APE and therefore some authors have suggested benzodiazepines as an alternative treatment. The use of intravenous morphine in the treatment of APE remains controversial. Methods: The MIdazolan versus MOrphine in APE trial (MIMO) is a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of morphine in patients with APE. The MIMO trial will evaluate as a primary endpoint whether intravenous morphine administration improves clinical outcomes defined as in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoint evaluation will be mechanical ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care unit admission rate, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospitalization length. Conclusions: In the emergency department, morphine is still used for APE in spite of poor scientific background data. The data from the MIMO trial will establish the effect—and especially the risk—when using morphine for APE.