Olympic Genes on the Podium?

Abstract

Despite some advances, how the millions of variations in the human genome influence athletic performance (especially in endurance events) remains largely unknown, and no single genetic test can really predict sports talent. However, there is experimental evidence coming from animal research that selecting for even a simple characteristic like running ability, can produce comparatively large and rapid changes in performance. That such selection has not been specifically documented in humans is more evidence of the limits of physiology-archeology than of the unlikelihood of selection for physical abilities. Here we argue that top Olympians are likely genetically gifted individuals who, additionally, have numerous contributors to the "complex trait" of being an athletic champion that may not necessarily depend on defined genetic variations.