Acceptability of Long-Acting Injectable Antiretroviral Treatment for HIV Management: Perspectives of Patients and Physicians in Spain

Abstract

We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with HIV-infected patients’ interest in trying long-acting injectable antiretroviral treatment (LAI-ART) along with its expected benefits and concerns, and evaluated physicians’ opinions about LAI-ART. This study was set within the multi-center prospective CoRIS cohort, comprising HIV-positive adults, naïve to antiretroviral treatment (ART) at study entry, recruited from 2004 onward in 48 centers in Spain. In June 2022, we conducted a 2-day cross-sectional survey among patients across 34 CoRIS centers and sent an online questionnaire to all physicians prescribing ART in 39 CoRIS centers. Of the 271 patients included, 83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 78.0 − 87.0%) expressed interest in receiving LAI-ART. This interest was higher among men (adjusted odds ratio: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.4–6.12), those aged <50 years (2.41; 1.23 − 4.73), and individuals inconvenienced by oral ART (5.03; 1.47 − 17.15), daily intake (14.65; 3.44–62.46), carrying HIV pills constantly (7.19; 2.88 − 17.96), and taking multiple medications (3.94; 1.58 − 9.85). Among the 154 physicians surveyed, 45.5% believed LAI-ART would be the preferred option for patients. Although most physicians (92.9%) thought LAI-ART could improve patients’ quality of life (QoL), concerns were raised by 37.7% and 44.2% of them regarding injection site pain and visit rescheduling, respectively. Interest in LAI-ART was higher among men, those aged <50 years, and individuals finding their oral ART inconvenient. Physicians believed LAI-ART could improve QoL and overcome treatment challenges, yet concerns were raised about its potential usage difficulties. Although most patients were interested in receiving LAI-ART, only less than half of the physicians considered it their preferred option, likely owing to concerns about missed visits and injection site pain.