Representando la muerte. Entre el teatro y el rito en el tanatorio español
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Mendaro Larramendi, Pía
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Ante una creciente disconformidad con la arquitectura
funeraria de nuestro tiempo – en España, el tanatoriocrematorio–
como anfitrión de la despedida y la
celebración de la muerte, nos preguntamos en este
artículo, ¿en qué fallan exactamente estos edificios? ¿qué
características de su arquitectura afectan a nuestra
percepción del rito funerario?
Basándonos en la concepción sociológica del rito como
teatro, y en el análisis realizado de 325 tanatorios con
horno crematorio en España, comprendemos las
diferentes partes del edificio como escenas del rito –
introducción, nudo y desenlace–. Detectamos
características recurrentes, y tratamos de exponer cómo
la obra –la celebración de la muerte–, y sus actores –los
dolientes–, se ven afectados por decisiones de diseño
triviales. El análisis, con este enfoque empático, pretende
ser de ayuda para quienes se enfrenten al diseño de un
tanatorio en el futuro.
Si bien el cementerio ha recibido las atenciones de los
académicos, nada se ha escrito sobre el tanatoriocrematorio
en España desde el punto de vista de su
diseño. Creemos pertinente el estudio de estos edificios,
anónimos e industriales, como primer paso hacia una
reflexión sobre su arquitectura y nuestra propia relación la
muerte y sus ritos.
Faced with growing discontent towards the funerary architecture of our time - in Spain, the mortuarycrematorium - as a host for the farewell and celebration of death, we wonder in this article, what exactly is wrong with these buildings, and what features of their architecture affect our perception of the funeral rite? The work is based on the sociological conception of the rite as theatre, and the analysis of 325 funeral parlours with crematorium ovens in Spain. We understand different parts of the building as scenes to the ritual -introduction, middle, and end-. In doing so, we detected recurrent features and tried to expose how the play -the celebration of death- and its actors -the mourners- are affected by trivial design choices. With an empathetic approach, the analysis is intended to help those facing the design of a funeral parlor in the future. Although the cemetery has been the subject of scholarly attention, nothing has been said about the mortuarycrematorium in Spain from a design point of view. We believe it is pertinent to study these anonymous and industrial buildings as a first step towards reflecting on their architecture and our relationship with death and its rites.
Faced with growing discontent towards the funerary architecture of our time - in Spain, the mortuarycrematorium - as a host for the farewell and celebration of death, we wonder in this article, what exactly is wrong with these buildings, and what features of their architecture affect our perception of the funeral rite? The work is based on the sociological conception of the rite as theatre, and the analysis of 325 funeral parlours with crematorium ovens in Spain. We understand different parts of the building as scenes to the ritual -introduction, middle, and end-. In doing so, we detected recurrent features and tried to expose how the play -the celebration of death- and its actors -the mourners- are affected by trivial design choices. With an empathetic approach, the analysis is intended to help those facing the design of a funeral parlor in the future. Although the cemetery has been the subject of scholarly attention, nothing has been said about the mortuarycrematorium in Spain from a design point of view. We believe it is pertinent to study these anonymous and industrial buildings as a first step towards reflecting on their architecture and our relationship with death and its rites.
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Mendaro Larramendi, P. (2023). Representando la muerte. Entre el teatro y el rito en el tanatorio español. REIA, 23, 116–129.



