Infección por el VIH en inmigrantes: diferencias clínico-epidemiológicas con la población autóctona en un área de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid (2001-2004)
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García-Cerrada, Carlos
Pulido, Federico
Rubio, Rafael
Hervás Gómez, Rafael
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Abstract
Nuestro objetivo era describir la proporción y las características de los pacientes inmigrantes atendidos en una unidad VIH (virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana) en Madrid. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en el que se incluye a todos los pacientes atendidos por primera vez en una unidad VIH entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2004. De un total de 516 pacientes nuevos, 101 (19,6%) eran inmigrantes (59% latinoamericanos, 27% subsaharianos). La frecuencia de inmigrantes alcanzó el 25,5% si sólo se consideraban los 298 pacientes sin seguimiento previo en otros centros. La población inmigrante respecto a la local se caracterizaba por una mayor proporción de mujeres (40% frente a 26%; p = 0,008), menor edad (35 años frente a 38 años; p = 0,003) y mayor nivel de estudios (39% frente a 13% de pacientes con estudios medios o superiores; p < 0,0001), sin diferencias significativas en la situación laboral (37% frente a 27% de desempleados; p = 0,07). El mecanismo de transmisión sexual es más frecuente en inmigrantes (85% frente a 37%; p < 0,0001). En ambos grupos la vía de transmisión sexual predominante fue la heterosexual (71 y 66%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la situación, clínica, inmunológica o virológica basal en función del origen local o foráneo de los pacientes, ni en el seguimiento clínico y terapéutico. En conclusión, existe un importante número de inmigrantes entre los nuevos pacientes en seguimiento por VIH. Aunque existen diferencias en las características demográficas y en el mecanismo de transmisión, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la situación clínica e inmunológica con respecto a los pacientes no inmigrantes.
Our purpose was to describe the incidence and characteristics of immigrant patients attended in a dedicated HIV Unit in Madrid (Spain). We did a cross-sectional study including all patients whose first visit to our HIV Unit took place between January 2001 and December 2004. Among a total of 516 new patients seen during the study period, 101 (19.6%) were immigrants (59% from Latin America, 27% from sub-Saharan Africa). Considering only patients who had not received previous clinical care in other centers (n = 298), 25.5% were immigrants. As compared to Spanish patients, there was a higher proportion of women among the immigrant population (40% vs. 26%: P = 0.008), age was lower (35 vs. 38 years; P = 0.003), and educational level was higher (39% vs. 13% secondary or higher education; P < 0.0001), with no statistical differences regarding employment (37% vs. 27% were unemployed; P = 0.07). Sexual transmission was more frequent among immigrants (85% vs. 37%; P < 0.0001), but the main sexual route of infection in both groups was heterosexual contact (71% and 66%). There were no differences in the baseline clinical, immunological, or virological status. In conclusion, a large number of new patients attended for the first time in a dedicated HIV Clinic in Madrid were immigrants. Although these patients showed some differences in demographic characteristics and the mechanism of HIV transmission, no significant differences were found in their clinical or immunological characteristics as compared to Spanish patients.
Our purpose was to describe the incidence and characteristics of immigrant patients attended in a dedicated HIV Unit in Madrid (Spain). We did a cross-sectional study including all patients whose first visit to our HIV Unit took place between January 2001 and December 2004. Among a total of 516 new patients seen during the study period, 101 (19.6%) were immigrants (59% from Latin America, 27% from sub-Saharan Africa). Considering only patients who had not received previous clinical care in other centers (n = 298), 25.5% were immigrants. As compared to Spanish patients, there was a higher proportion of women among the immigrant population (40% vs. 26%: P = 0.008), age was lower (35 vs. 38 years; P = 0.003), and educational level was higher (39% vs. 13% secondary or higher education; P < 0.0001), with no statistical differences regarding employment (37% vs. 27% were unemployed; P = 0.07). Sexual transmission was more frequent among immigrants (85% vs. 37%; P < 0.0001), but the main sexual route of infection in both groups was heterosexual contact (71% and 66%). There were no differences in the baseline clinical, immunological, or virological status. In conclusion, a large number of new patients attended for the first time in a dedicated HIV Clinic in Madrid were immigrants. Although these patients showed some differences in demographic characteristics and the mechanism of HIV transmission, no significant differences were found in their clinical or immunological characteristics as compared to Spanish patients.
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Hernando, A., García-Cerrada, C., Pulido, F., Rubio, R., Hervás, R., Cepeda, C., & Costa, J. R. (2007). Infección por el VIH en inmigrantes: diferencias clínico-epidemiológicas con la población autóctona en un área de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid (2001-2004). Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 25(7), 441-445.





