La conformación de la forma urbana en el núcleo histórico de la ciudad del Cuzco: exégesis del sincretismo hispano-andino
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Orellana Tapia, Máximo Juvenal
Ruiz Sánchez, Javier
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Abstract
El estudio analiza el proceso de transformación
de la forma urbana del núcleo histórico de la
ciudad del Cuzco bajo la hipótesis de que dicha
forma es resultado de un singular sincretismo
hispano-andino de gran significado y valores,
y que trasciende lo meramente monumental.
Para ello se ha recurrido a métodos y fuentes
historiográficos, a través de los cuales se
despliegan los procesos morfogenéticos en
un esquema diacrónico que se focaliza en tres
momentos que constituyen singularidades
dentro de la aparente linealidad de la
transformación post-incaica, y que coinciden
con los periodos del Virreinato (colonia), la
República (liberalismo decimonónico) y la
Modernidad (siglo xx). A partir de este análisis
se concluye que la forma urbana en el momento
fundacional, caracterizada por cierto equilibrio
antrópico entre el paisaje natural y construido,
fue diluyéndose para transmutarse en un
urbanismo eminentemente arquitectónico, con
prevalencia de la forma construida; no obstante,
pueden rastrearse persistencias sugestivas
y singulares, sedimentadas en una suerte
de valioso palimpsesto urbano que permite
interpretar, a modo de exégesis o hermenéutica,
un sincretismo hispano-andino característico en
una de las ciudades más representativas del Perú
y rastreable en otras ciudades hispano-andinas.
Para ello, se han utilizado cuatro categorías de
análisis a partir de las que se ha hecho visible
una cultura urbanística parcialmente inédita, y
que puede servir como fuente de reorientación
de procesos urbanos en marcha.
The study analyses the process of urban form transformation of the historical center of Cuzco city under the hypothesis that this form is the result of a singular Hispano-Andean syncretism of great significance and values, which transcends the merely monumental. For this purpose, historiographic methods and sources have been used, through which morphogenetic processes are deployed in a diachronic scheme that focuses on three moments that constitute singularities within the apparent linearity of the post-Inca transformation, and which coincide with the periods of the Viceroyalty (colony), the Republic (nineteenth-century liberalism) and Modernity (twentieth century). From this analysis, it is concluded that the urban form at the founding moment, characterized by a certain anthropic balance between the natural and built landscape, was gradually diluted to be transmuted into an eminently architectural urbanism, with a prevalence of the built form; Nevertheless, suggestive and singular persistencies can be traced, sedimented in a sort of valuable urban palimpsest that allows to interpret, as exegesis or hermeneutics, a Hispanic-Andean syncretism characteristic of one of the most representative cities of Peru and traceable in other Hispanic-Andean cities. To do this, four categories of analysis have been used, from which a partially unprecedented urban culture has become visible, and which can serve as a source of reorientation of ongoing urban processes.
The study analyses the process of urban form transformation of the historical center of Cuzco city under the hypothesis that this form is the result of a singular Hispano-Andean syncretism of great significance and values, which transcends the merely monumental. For this purpose, historiographic methods and sources have been used, through which morphogenetic processes are deployed in a diachronic scheme that focuses on three moments that constitute singularities within the apparent linearity of the post-Inca transformation, and which coincide with the periods of the Viceroyalty (colony), the Republic (nineteenth-century liberalism) and Modernity (twentieth century). From this analysis, it is concluded that the urban form at the founding moment, characterized by a certain anthropic balance between the natural and built landscape, was gradually diluted to be transmuted into an eminently architectural urbanism, with a prevalence of the built form; Nevertheless, suggestive and singular persistencies can be traced, sedimented in a sort of valuable urban palimpsest that allows to interpret, as exegesis or hermeneutics, a Hispanic-Andean syncretism characteristic of one of the most representative cities of Peru and traceable in other Hispanic-Andean cities. To do this, four categories of analysis have been used, from which a partially unprecedented urban culture has become visible, and which can serve as a source of reorientation of ongoing urban processes.
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Orellana Tapia, M. J., y Ruiz Sánchez, J. (2020). La conformación de la forma urbana en el núcleo histórico de la ciudad del Cuzco: exégesis del sincretismo hispano-andino. REIA: Revista Europea de Investigación en Arquitectura, (16), 131-156. http://reia



