Neuromodulation and Exercise Interventions in Fibromyalgia: Acute and Long-term Psychophysiological Benefits
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Rubio Zarapuz, Alejandro
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La fibromialgia es un trastorno crónico caracterizado por dolor musculoesquelético
generalizado, fatiga, trastornos del sueño, disfunción cognitiva y alteraciones del sistema
nervioso autónomo. Esta tesis doctoral explora y compara los efectos psicofisiológicos de los
tratamientos de neuromodulación y ejercicio en pacientes femeninas diagnosticadas con fibromialgia.
Se compone de tres artículos de investigación principales y una revisión narrativa. El primer
artículo examina los efectos agudos de una sesión de 60 minutos con el traje EXOPULSE Mollii en una
paciente con fibromialgia, demostrando mejoras significativas en la percepción del dolor, la
oxigenación muscular, la modulación parasimpática y la funcionalidad general. El segundo artículo
presenta un estudio controlado y aleatorizado que compara los efectos inmediatos de la
neuromodulación sola, la neuromodulación combinada con realidad virtual (RV) y un régimen de
ejercicio estructurado en 89 pacientes femeninas con fibromialgia. Los resultados indican que la
combinación de neuromodulación con RV o la participación en un régimen de ejercicio estructurado
produce mayores beneficios que la neuromodulación sola, especialmente en la percepción del dolor y
la funcionalidad. El tercer artículo evalúa la eficacia a largo plazo de un programa de 8 semanas
de neuromodulación y ejercicio sobre la modulación del dolor y la oxigenación muscular en 10
pacientes femeninas. Ambos tratamientos mejoraron significativamente la percepción del dolor y la
oxigenación muscular, siendo el programa de ejercicio el que mostró beneficios más pronunciados a
largo plazo. La revisión narrativa sintetiza la evidencia científica sobre la oxigenación muscular
y su relación con los síntomas de la fibromialgia, destacando el potencial de enfoques terapéuticos
personalizados. En general, esta tesis demuestra que tanto los tratamientos de neuromodulación como
de ejercicio ofrecen beneficios significativos para el manejo de la fibromialgia, siendo el
ejercicio el que muestra efectos a largo plazo superiores en la oxigenación muscular y la
modulación del dolor. Los hallazgos apoyan un enfoque multidisciplinario para el tratamiento de la
fibromialgia, enfatizando la importancia de
planes terapéuticos individualizados.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic system irregularities. This doctoral thesis explores and compares the psychophysiological effects of neuromodulation and exercise treatments in female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The study comprises three main research articles and a narrative review. The first article examines the acute effects of a 60-minute session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit in a single fibromyalgia patient, demonstrating significant improvements in pain perception, muscle oxygenation, parasympathetic modulation, and overall functionality. The second article presents a controlled, randomized study comparing the immediate effects of neuromodulation alone, neuromodulation combined with virtual reality (VR), and a structured exercise regimen in 89 female fibromyalgia patients. Results indicate that combining neuromodulation with VR or engaging in a structured exercise regimen yields greater benefits than neuromodulation alone, particularly in pain reduction and functional improvements. The third article assesses the long-term efficacy of an 8-week neuromodulation and exercise program on pain modulation and muscle oxygenation in 10 female patients. Both treatments significantly improved pain perception and muscle oxygenation, with the exercise program showing more pronounced long-term benefits. The narrative review synthesizes scientific evidence on muscle oxygenation and its relation to fibromyalgia symptoms, highlighting the potential of tailored therapeutic approaches. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that both neuromodulation and exercise treatments offer significant benefits for managing fibromyalgia, with exercise showing superior long-term effects on muscle oxygenation and pain modulation. The findings support a multidisciplinary approach to fibromyalgia treatment, emphasizing the importance of individualized therapy plans.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic system irregularities. This doctoral thesis explores and compares the psychophysiological effects of neuromodulation and exercise treatments in female patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The study comprises three main research articles and a narrative review. The first article examines the acute effects of a 60-minute session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit in a single fibromyalgia patient, demonstrating significant improvements in pain perception, muscle oxygenation, parasympathetic modulation, and overall functionality. The second article presents a controlled, randomized study comparing the immediate effects of neuromodulation alone, neuromodulation combined with virtual reality (VR), and a structured exercise regimen in 89 female fibromyalgia patients. Results indicate that combining neuromodulation with VR or engaging in a structured exercise regimen yields greater benefits than neuromodulation alone, particularly in pain reduction and functional improvements. The third article assesses the long-term efficacy of an 8-week neuromodulation and exercise program on pain modulation and muscle oxygenation in 10 female patients. Both treatments significantly improved pain perception and muscle oxygenation, with the exercise program showing more pronounced long-term benefits. The narrative review synthesizes scientific evidence on muscle oxygenation and its relation to fibromyalgia symptoms, highlighting the potential of tailored therapeutic approaches. Overall, this thesis demonstrates that both neuromodulation and exercise treatments offer significant benefits for managing fibromyalgia, with exercise showing superior long-term effects on muscle oxygenation and pain modulation. The findings support a multidisciplinary approach to fibromyalgia treatment, emphasizing the importance of individualized therapy plans.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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Bibliographic reference
Rubio Zarapuz, A. (2024). Neuromodulation and Exercise Interventions in Fibromyalgia: Acute and Long-term Psychophysiological Benefits. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/14144








