La memoria invisible del espacio urbano
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Guitart Vilches, Miguel
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Abstract
El presente texto propone una exploración crítica sobre la trascendencia del vacío y la
memoria como dos elementos indisolubles en la estructura de los espacios colectivos. Dichos
espacios destinados al encuentro de lo público tienen la cualidad de permanecer en el tiempo
mediante el soporte de ambos elementos. La conjunción de la memoria colectiva antecedente
en funcionamiento con el vacío físico proporciona la posibilidad de una permanencia en el
tiempo que está llamada a garantizar el éxito del espacio colectivo. Con objeto de sostener
dicho argumento se propone una exposición de pares de casos con los que establecer la
viabilidad de ámbitos de uso común en el espacio geográfico y en el tiempo. El guion de la
estructura se apoya en tres posibles tipos de vacío, el río, la calle y la plaza. Mediante dichos
vacíos estableceremos tres tensiones entre lo visible y lo invisible, entre la barrera y la
apertura y entre el dentro y el afuera, respectivamente. Un diagrama planteado sobre seis
intervenciones arquitectónicas nos permitirá no solo asignar ejemplos concretos a dichos
vacíos, sino establecer que precisamente la clave de su permanencia en el tiempo como tales
espacios colectivos reside en la conjunción de un vacío urbano de características físicas y una
memoria común que enlaza pasado, presente y futuro. Los ejemplos explorados son los Ghats
de Benarés, en India; el SESC Pompéia de Lina Bo Bardi, en São Paulo; el High Line de Diller
& Scofidio & Renfro con Field Operations, en Nueva York; el centro MASP de Bo Bardi, en
São Paulo; el Kulturhuset o Casa de la Cultura de Peter Celsing, en Estocolmo; y el centro
Pompidou de Piano y Rogers, en París.
This paper proposes a critical exploration of the transcendence of void and memory as two inseparable elements in the structure of collective spaces. Such spaces dedicated to the congregation of the public have the quality to remain active in time by enhancing the aforementioned double condition. The combination of an antecedent collective memory up with a physical void provides the possibility of a permanence in time that is to ensure the success of the collective space. In order to support this argument, we propose a statement with pairs of cases with which to establish the viability of areas of common use in geographic space and time. The sequence of the paper is based on three possible types of void, the river, the street and the plaza. Through these gaps we will establish three tensions between the visible and the invisible, between the wall and the opening and between the inside and the outside, respectively. A diagram raised over six architectural interventions not only allows us to assign specific examples to such voids, but to establish the key to its permanence in time as such communal spaces lies precisely in the combination of an urban void of physical characteristics and a common memory that links past, present and future. The case studies are the Ghats of Varanasi in India, the SESC Pompéia by Lina Bo Bardi, in São Paulo, the High Line by Diller Scofidio & Renfro with Field Operations in New York, the MASP center by Bo Bardi, São Paulo, the Kulturhuset or the House of Culture by Peter Celsing in Stockholm, and the Pompidou Centre by Piano and Rogers, in Paris.
This paper proposes a critical exploration of the transcendence of void and memory as two inseparable elements in the structure of collective spaces. Such spaces dedicated to the congregation of the public have the quality to remain active in time by enhancing the aforementioned double condition. The combination of an antecedent collective memory up with a physical void provides the possibility of a permanence in time that is to ensure the success of the collective space. In order to support this argument, we propose a statement with pairs of cases with which to establish the viability of areas of common use in geographic space and time. The sequence of the paper is based on three possible types of void, the river, the street and the plaza. Through these gaps we will establish three tensions between the visible and the invisible, between the wall and the opening and between the inside and the outside, respectively. A diagram raised over six architectural interventions not only allows us to assign specific examples to such voids, but to establish the key to its permanence in time as such communal spaces lies precisely in the combination of an urban void of physical characteristics and a common memory that links past, present and future. The case studies are the Ghats of Varanasi in India, the SESC Pompéia by Lina Bo Bardi, in São Paulo, the High Line by Diller Scofidio & Renfro with Field Operations in New York, the MASP center by Bo Bardi, São Paulo, the Kulturhuset or the House of Culture by Peter Celsing in Stockholm, and the Pompidou Centre by Piano and Rogers, in Paris.
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Bibliographic reference
Sánchez Llorens, M., y Guitart Vilches, M. (2014). La memoria invisible del espacio urbano. Sociedad y utopía: Revista de ciencias sociales, (43), 252-269.




