Las duchas otras. El control de la higiene desde el siglo XIX a través de la ducha y el baño-ducha
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Hernández de Gispert, Jordi
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La ducha es un instrumento que, en la
actualidad, forma parte de nuestra higiene
personal cotidiana. El uso de la ducha se
extiende por Europa a mediados del siglo XIX,
como efecto de una serie de circunstancias
sociales que se pueden constatar a través de
distintos tratados higienistas y arquitectónicos.
Observar las vicisitudes que han ido
conformando los espacios y las acciones
que la definen, conduce a una extrañeza
que es objeto de nuestro estudio. Para ello
tomaremos, por un lado, los comentarios de
Foucault tanto sobre “los espacios otros” como
sobre la “sociedad de control”, para definir
las duchas otras. Por otro lado, observaremos
que, al principio, el uso de las duchas no
formaba parte de la vida cotidiana, sino que
muy al contrario, fue inculcado por el control
médico y disciplinar en escuelas, hospitales,
casernas y prisiones.
La reflexión desarrollada a través de los
casos de estudio de la ducha y el baño-ducha,
permitirá cuestionarse qué sistemas de control
pueden seguir latentes en nuestras costumbres,
precisamente a través de los patrones que
conforman lo ordinario.
The shower is an instrument that, nowadays, takes part of our daily personal hygiene. The use of the shower is extended in Europe in the mid-19th century, as the effect of a series of social circumstances that may be noted by different hygiene and architecture treatises. Observing the vicissitudes that have been shaping the spaces and actions that define it, takes us to the strangeness that is object of our study. To do so we will take, from one side, the comments of Foucault about “the other spaces” and about the “society of control”, to define the other showers. On the other side we will observe that, in the beginning, the use of showers did not take part of everyday life, but on the contrary, it was inculcated through medical control and discipline in schools, hospitals, barracks and prisons. This reflexion, developed in the two case studies of the shower and the bath-shower, will let us wonder what systems of control may still be latent in our customs, precisely through the patterns that make up the ordinary.
The shower is an instrument that, nowadays, takes part of our daily personal hygiene. The use of the shower is extended in Europe in the mid-19th century, as the effect of a series of social circumstances that may be noted by different hygiene and architecture treatises. Observing the vicissitudes that have been shaping the spaces and actions that define it, takes us to the strangeness that is object of our study. To do so we will take, from one side, the comments of Foucault about “the other spaces” and about the “society of control”, to define the other showers. On the other side we will observe that, in the beginning, the use of showers did not take part of everyday life, but on the contrary, it was inculcated through medical control and discipline in schools, hospitals, barracks and prisons. This reflexion, developed in the two case studies of the shower and the bath-shower, will let us wonder what systems of control may still be latent in our customs, precisely through the patterns that make up the ordinary.
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Hernández de Gispert, J. (2016). Las duchas otras. El control de la higiene desde el siglo XIX a través de la ducha y el baño-ducha. REIA: Revista Europea de Investigación en Arquitectura, (6), 73-88. http://reia.es/REIA6_04.pdf



