Factores sociodemográficos, clínicos, audiológicos, y audioprotésicos, relacionados con la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos usuarios de prótesis auditivas
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Herrera Sánchez, Esteban
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Abstract
Introducción. El propósito de una adaptación protésica no es únicamente mejorar el
entendimiento del lenguaje y el reconocimiento de sonidos, sino mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente.
Objetivos. Medir la calidad de vida de pacientes con prótesis auditivas, e indagar qué variables
sociodemográficas, clínicas, audiológicas y audioprotésicas afectan a la misma.
Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal multicéntrico realizado en la Comunidad de
Madrid (España), con una muestra de 54 pacientes. Se utilizó la Escala de Efectividad de la Rehabilitación
Auditiva (EAR), y un cuestionario de elaboración propia para recogida de datos sociodemográficos,
clínicos, audiológicos y audioprotésicos.
Resultados. Los resultados generales de la investigación indican que las variables
sociodemográficas, clínicas, audiológicas y audioprotésicas se asocian con ítems de la escala EAR (p<0,05).
Conclusiones. La calidad de vida de los pacientes con prótesis auditivas es en general buena;
siendo buena desde el punto de vista audiológico, y muy buena desde el punto de vista audioprotésico.
Las variables más determinantes en relación con la calidad de vida de los pacientes son las variables
audioprotésicas y sociodemográficas. Las variables sociodemográficas que tienen más impacto son: la
edad, el sexo, y la actividad laboral. Las patologías visuales asociadas a la pérdida auditiva y la concurrencia
de varias patologías auditivas, y/o intervenciones quirúrgicas auditivas empeoran la calidad de vida. Los
pacientes con discapacidad física presentan una buena calidad de vida. Los valores de logoaudiometría se
relacionan con la calidad de vida. Las prótesis auditivas de gama alta o premium, modernas o de poca
antigüedad, del fabricante nº1, en pacientes con poca experiencia previa, son las que mejor calidad de
vida aportan al paciente. Al contrario, la auto-prescripción de la prótesis auditiva por parte del paciente
empeora sensiblemente su calidad de vida.
Introduction. The purpose of a prosthetic adaptation is not only to improve the understanding of language and the recognition of sounds, but also to improve the quality of life of the patient. Objectives. To measure the quality of life of patients with hearing aids, and to investigate which sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and audioprosthetic variables affect it. Material and methods. Multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the Community of Madrid (Spain), with a sample of 54 patients. The Hearing Rehabilitation Effectiveness Scale (EAR), and a self prepared questionnaire for collection of sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and audioprosthetic data were used. Results. The general results of the research indicate that the sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and hearing aid variables are associated with items on the EAR scale (p<0.05). Conclusions. The quality of life of patients with hearing aids is generally good; being good from an audiological point of view, and very good from an audioprosthetic point of view. The most determining variables in relation to the quality of life of patients are the audioprosthetic and sociodemographic variables. The sociodemographic variables that have the greatest impact are: age, sex, and work activity. Visual pathologies associated with hearing loss and the concurrence of several hearing pathologies, and/or hearing surgical interventions worsen quality of life. Patients with physical disabilities have a good quality of life. Speech audiometry values are related to quality of life. High-end or premium hearing aids, modern or not very old, from manufacturer nº1, in patients with little previous experience, are the ones that provide the best quality of life for the patient. On the contrary, self-prescription of the hearing aid by the patient sensibly worsens her quality of life.
Introduction. The purpose of a prosthetic adaptation is not only to improve the understanding of language and the recognition of sounds, but also to improve the quality of life of the patient. Objectives. To measure the quality of life of patients with hearing aids, and to investigate which sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and audioprosthetic variables affect it. Material and methods. Multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in the Community of Madrid (Spain), with a sample of 54 patients. The Hearing Rehabilitation Effectiveness Scale (EAR), and a self prepared questionnaire for collection of sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and audioprosthetic data were used. Results. The general results of the research indicate that the sociodemographic, clinical, audiological and hearing aid variables are associated with items on the EAR scale (p<0.05). Conclusions. The quality of life of patients with hearing aids is generally good; being good from an audiological point of view, and very good from an audioprosthetic point of view. The most determining variables in relation to the quality of life of patients are the audioprosthetic and sociodemographic variables. The sociodemographic variables that have the greatest impact are: age, sex, and work activity. Visual pathologies associated with hearing loss and the concurrence of several hearing pathologies, and/or hearing surgical interventions worsen quality of life. Patients with physical disabilities have a good quality of life. Speech audiometry values are related to quality of life. High-end or premium hearing aids, modern or not very old, from manufacturer nº1, in patients with little previous experience, are the ones that provide the best quality of life for the patient. On the contrary, self-prescription of the hearing aid by the patient sensibly worsens her quality of life.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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Bibliographic reference
Herrera Sánchez, E. (2024). Factores sociodemográficos, clínicos, audiológicos, y audioprotésicos, relacionados con la calidad de vida de los pacientes adultos usuarios de prótesis auditivas. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/12937








