Estudio de la relación de la actividad física con aspectos generales de la vida en población adulta mayor en la Comunidad Valenciana
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Trujillo Barberá, Silvia
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García García, Esther
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Abstract
El envejecimiento de la población a nivel mundial es una realidad creciente que sin duda nos
obliga como sociedad a estudiar los diferentes factores que influyen en la vida de las personas
mayores. El envejecimiento saludable es, entre otros, uno de los objetivos o medios propuestos
por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para garantizar la máxima capacidad intrínseca de las
personas mayores y se encuentra estrechamente ligado al concepto de envejecimiento activo.
Es por ello por lo que, la promoción de la actividad física en la población mayor de 65 años se ha
convertido en un aspecto crucial para mejorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, así
como por su influencia en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas.
Sin embargo, en la Comunidad Valenciana, detectamos una falta de estudios que analizaran la
relación del tiempo que las personas mayores se mantenían físicamente activas con la calidad
de vida, las enfermedades no transmisibles, el riesgo de sufrir enfermedades mentales y las
limitaciones para realizar actividades de la vida diaria. Por lo tanto, esta tesis doctoral pretende
dar respuesta a esta brecha en la investigación y examinar cómo la actividad física y otros
factores sociodemográficos influyen en la vida de las personas mayores de 65 años en la
Comunidad Valenciana.
El objetivo principal de la presente tesis doctoral consistió en analizar el tiempo que las personas
mayores se mantenían físicamente activas, y relacionarlo con aspectos claves de la salud. Lo cual
se concretó a través de objetivos específicos en los que se fue relacionando el nivel de actividad
física (insuficiente, recomendado o adicional), junto con otras variables demográficas de interés,
como la edad, el sexo o el nivel de estudios con diferentes apartados de la Encuesta de Salud de
Comunidad Valenciana.
Para lograr este objetivo, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal a partir de la solicitud a la
Dirección General de Salud Pública de la Conselleria de Sanidad de la Comunidad Valenciana del
acceso a los resultados de la Encuesta de Salud de la Comunidad Valenciana correspondiente al
año 2016, donde recogían datos de los veinticuatro departamentos de salud y de la cual
obtuvimos una muestra de 3.199 individuos con una edad igual o superior a los 65 años.
El diseño del estudio incluyó los apartados recogidos en la Encuesta de Salud de la Comunidad
Valenciana relativos a datos sociodemográficos, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud,
morbilidad, salud mental, actividad física y limitaciones para realizar actividades de la vida diaria,
donde se utilizaban cuestionarios estandarizados para recopilar la información. Para contrastar
la existencia de relación significativa entre las variables se utilizaron diferentes pruebas
estadísticas que culminaron en la realización de modelos de regresión logística multivariante Los resultados obtenidos indican una asociación significativa entre la actividad física y la calidad
de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos mayores. Aquellos que mantenían un nivel
recomendable o adicional de actividad física según las recomendaciones de la OMS mostraron
una mejor percepción de su bienestar general y una menor incidencia de enfermedades
crónicas. Se observó una reducción en el riesgo de desarrollar problemas de salud mental y
menos limitaciones para realizar actividades cotidianas en aquellos que se mantenían
físicamente activos. Además, se encontró que la actividad física regular estaba asociada con una
mejor salud cardiovascular y un menor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, EPOC y cáncer en esta
población.
En conclusión, los hallazgos de esta investigación respaldan la importancia de implementar
políticas y programas de promoción de la actividad física dirigidos específicamente a la población
mayor de 65 años en la Comunidad Valenciana. Mantenerse físicamente activo según las
directrices de la OMS no solo está asociado con una mejor calidad de vida, sino que también
puede ayudar a prevenir enfermedades crónicas, reducir el riesgo de problemas de salud mental
y mejorar la capacidad funcional en la vida diaria.
The aging of the population worldwide is an increasing reality that undoubtedly compels us as a society to study the different factors that influence the lives of older adults. Healthy aging is, among others, one of the objectives or means proposed by the World Health Organization to ensure the maximum intrinsic capacity of older people and is closely linked to the concept of active aging. Therefore, promoting physical activity in the population over 65 has become a crucial aspect for improving health-related quality of life, as well as for its influence on the prevention of chronic diseases. However, in the Valencian Community, we detect a lack of studies analyzing the relationship between the time older adults spend physically active and quality of life, non-communicable diseases, the risk of mental illnesses, and limitations in performing daily activities. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to address this research gap and examine how physical activity and other sociodemographic factors influence the lives of people over 65 in the Valencian Community. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to analyze the time older adults spent physically active and relate it to key health aspects. This was achieved through specific objectives in which the level of physical activity (insufficient, recommended, or additional) was related to other demographic variables of interest, such as age, sex, or level of education, along with different sections of the Valencian Community Health Survey. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted based on a request to the General Directorate of Public Health of the Valencia Department of Health for access to the results of the Valencian Community Health Survey for the year 2016, which collected data from the twenty-four health departments and from which we obtained a sample of 3.199 individuals aged 65 years or older. The study design included sections collected in the Valencian Community Health Survey regarding sociodemographic data, health-related quality of life, morbidity, mental health, physical activity, and limitations in performing daily activities, where standardized questionnaires were used to collect information. To test the existence of a significant relationship between the variables, different statistical tests were used, culminating in the creation of multivariate logistic regression models. he results indicate a significant association between physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults. Those who maintained a recommended or additional level of physical activity according to WHO recommendations showed a better perception of their overall well being and a lower incidence of chronic diseases. A reduction in the risk of developing mental health problems and fewer limitations in performing daily activities were observed in those who remained physically active. Additionally, regular physical activity was associated with better cardiovascular health and a lower risk of developing diabetes, COPD, and cancer in this population. In conclusion, the findings of this research support the importance of implementing policies and programs to promote physical activity specifically targeted at the population over 65 in the Valencian Community. Remaining physically active according to WHO guidelines is not only associated with better quality of life but can also help prevent chronic diseases, reduce the risk of mental health problems, and improve functional capacity in daily life.
The aging of the population worldwide is an increasing reality that undoubtedly compels us as a society to study the different factors that influence the lives of older adults. Healthy aging is, among others, one of the objectives or means proposed by the World Health Organization to ensure the maximum intrinsic capacity of older people and is closely linked to the concept of active aging. Therefore, promoting physical activity in the population over 65 has become a crucial aspect for improving health-related quality of life, as well as for its influence on the prevention of chronic diseases. However, in the Valencian Community, we detect a lack of studies analyzing the relationship between the time older adults spend physically active and quality of life, non-communicable diseases, the risk of mental illnesses, and limitations in performing daily activities. Therefore, this doctoral thesis aims to address this research gap and examine how physical activity and other sociodemographic factors influence the lives of people over 65 in the Valencian Community. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to analyze the time older adults spent physically active and relate it to key health aspects. This was achieved through specific objectives in which the level of physical activity (insufficient, recommended, or additional) was related to other demographic variables of interest, such as age, sex, or level of education, along with different sections of the Valencian Community Health Survey. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted based on a request to the General Directorate of Public Health of the Valencia Department of Health for access to the results of the Valencian Community Health Survey for the year 2016, which collected data from the twenty-four health departments and from which we obtained a sample of 3.199 individuals aged 65 years or older. The study design included sections collected in the Valencian Community Health Survey regarding sociodemographic data, health-related quality of life, morbidity, mental health, physical activity, and limitations in performing daily activities, where standardized questionnaires were used to collect information. To test the existence of a significant relationship between the variables, different statistical tests were used, culminating in the creation of multivariate logistic regression models. he results indicate a significant association between physical activity and health-related quality of life in older adults. Those who maintained a recommended or additional level of physical activity according to WHO recommendations showed a better perception of their overall well being and a lower incidence of chronic diseases. A reduction in the risk of developing mental health problems and fewer limitations in performing daily activities were observed in those who remained physically active. Additionally, regular physical activity was associated with better cardiovascular health and a lower risk of developing diabetes, COPD, and cancer in this population. In conclusion, the findings of this research support the importance of implementing policies and programs to promote physical activity specifically targeted at the population over 65 in the Valencian Community. Remaining physically active according to WHO guidelines is not only associated with better quality of life but can also help prevent chronic diseases, reduce the risk of mental health problems, and improve functional capacity in daily life.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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Bibliographic reference
Trujillo Barberá, S. (2024). Estudio de la relación de la actividad física con aspectos generales de la vida en población adulta mayor en la Comunidad Valenciana. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/12938







