Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
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Sirota, Sarah Brooke
Bender, Rose Grace
Villanueva Domínguez, Regina Mae
Movo, Amanda
Swetschinski, Lucien R.
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Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain the world's leading infectious cause of death. This analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides global, regional, and national estimates of LRI incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with attribution to 26 pathogens, including 11 newly modelled pathogens, across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023. With new data and revised modelling techniques, these estimates serve as an update and expansion to GBD 2021. Through these estimates, we also aimed to assess progress towards the 2025 Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea (GAPPD) target for pneumonia mortality in children younger than 5 years.
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Sirota, S. B., Bender, R. G., Dominguez, R.-M. V., Movo, A., Swetschinski, L. R., Araki, D. T., Han, C., Wool, E. E., He, J., Carter, A., A.J. Jabbar, A., Aalipour, M. A., Aalruz, H., Abbasi Dolatabadi, Z., Abbastabar, H., Abd ElHafeez, S., Abdalla, A. N., Abdalla, M. A., Abdullah, … Kyu, H. H. (2025). Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2023: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, S1473309925006899. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00689-9