La boca en estado de pandemia. Estudio comparativo
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Durán Somacarrera, Jaime
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Introducción: La pandemia ha supuesto un terremoto que ha afectado a todos los ámbitos. En
los centros de atención primaria, se dio prioridad a los pacientes con COVID. Esto ha supuesto
un retraso en los diagnósticos de patologías agudas y una falta de seguimiento de procesos
médicos crónicos. También a nivel odontológico se ha descuidado el mantenimiento, la
prevención y tratamiento de las patologías habituales. Ante la situación vivida, nos preguntamos
cómo se han comportado los pacientes a la hora de necesitar atención odontológica, por lo que
hemos planificado la realización de este trabajo.
El objetivo ha sido identificar el perfil de paciente que acude a la policlínica para recibir atención
odontológica en etapa de pandemia y compararlo con la etapa prepandemia. También se busca
conocer el motivo de consulta, la situación médica general y bucodental de los pacientes en
ambas etapas e identificar las diferencias entre las necesidades de tratamiento.
Material y Método: Se realiza un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en la
Policlínica de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Se han analizado y comparado los datos de
filiación, hábitos y antecedentes médicos y patología dental y de mucosa oral de los pacientes
que han acudido en prepandemia y pandemia. Además, para comprender la situación
socioeconómica y sanitaria asociada al impacto de la pandemia producida por el SARS-CoV-2,
realizamos una revisión bibliográfica en la base de datos PUBMED, en el intervalo de tiempo
comprendido entre el uno de enero del año 2019 y el 31 de diciembre del año 2022.
Resultados: Han acudido menos pacientes para recibir tratamiento odontológico en etapa de
pandemia, 684 pacientes frente a 986 en prepandemia. La mayoría comprendidos entre la
tercera y quinta décadas de la vida. Se ha apreciado una mayor presencia de mujeres, en
comparación con los hombres, en ambas etapas. En pandemia han acudido pacientes con menos
patología sistémica que en prepandemia, excepto en el caso de la diabetes. Destaca la ingesta
de antidepresivos y ansiolíticos en pandemia.
Las lesiones más prevalentes en mucosa oral han sido las lesiones blancas. No se han encontrado
casos de cáncer oral en período de pandemia. La elevada prevalencia de enfermedad
periodontal en estado severo y las caries extensas han precisado tratamientos restauradores
más complejos y un mayor número de exodoncias en pandemia.
Conclusiones: La edad media en pandemia ha sido más elevada, las mujeres han estado más
presentes en ambas etapas, los pacientes en pandemia tenían menos antecedentes de patología
sistémica. La ingesta de antidepresivos y ansiolíticos han destacado en pandemia. Las lesiones
blancas han sido las patologías mucosas más prevalentes. La situación odontológica de los
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pacientes durante la etapa de pandemia ha precisado tratamientos más complejos y se han
requerido más extracciones dentales.
Introduction: The pandemic has caused an earthquake that has affected all areas worldwide. In primary care centres, priority was given to patients with COVID. This has produced a delay in the diagnosis of acute pathologies and a lack of follow-up of chronic diseases. At a dental level, the maintenance, prevention, and treatment of common pathologies has been neglected. Faced with this situation, we asked ourselves how patients behaved when dental care was needed, which is why we planned to carry out this work. The objective of this work was to identify the profile of patients who arrive at the polyclinic seeking dental care during the pandemic stage and compare it with the pre-pandemic stage. The aim was also to find out the reason for consultation, the general medical and oral health situation of patients at both stages and to identify differences in treatment needs. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out at the Polyclinic of the Universidad Europea of Madrid. We analysed and compared the data on affiliation, habits, medical history, dental and oral mucosa pathology of patients who consulted in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. In addition, to understand the socioeconomic and health situation associated with the impact of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, we conducted a literature review in the PUBMED database, in the time interval between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022. Results: Fewer patients sought dental treatment during the pandemic period, 684 patients compared to 986 in the pre-pandemic period. Most of the patients were between thirty and fifty years old. A higher presence of women, compared to men, has been observed at both stages. Patients attended during the pandemic stage presented fewer systemic pathologies than those in the pre-pandemic period, except in the case of diabetes. Consumption of antidepressants and anxiolytics during the pandemic stage is noteworthy. The most prevalent lesions on the oral mucosa were white lesions. No cases of oral cancer were found during the pandemic period. The high prevalence of severe periodontal disease and extensive cavities has made it necessary to perform more complex restorative treatments and a higher number of extractions during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mean age during the pandemic stage has been higher, women have been more present in both stages and patients during the pandemic had less history of systemic pathology. The use of antidepressants and anxiolytics were more prevalent during the pandemic stage. White lesions have been the most prevalent mucosal pathologies. The dental situation of patients during the pandemic phase has required more complex treatments and more tooth extractions.
Introduction: The pandemic has caused an earthquake that has affected all areas worldwide. In primary care centres, priority was given to patients with COVID. This has produced a delay in the diagnosis of acute pathologies and a lack of follow-up of chronic diseases. At a dental level, the maintenance, prevention, and treatment of common pathologies has been neglected. Faced with this situation, we asked ourselves how patients behaved when dental care was needed, which is why we planned to carry out this work. The objective of this work was to identify the profile of patients who arrive at the polyclinic seeking dental care during the pandemic stage and compare it with the pre-pandemic stage. The aim was also to find out the reason for consultation, the general medical and oral health situation of patients at both stages and to identify differences in treatment needs. Material and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out at the Polyclinic of the Universidad Europea of Madrid. We analysed and compared the data on affiliation, habits, medical history, dental and oral mucosa pathology of patients who consulted in pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. In addition, to understand the socioeconomic and health situation associated with the impact of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, we conducted a literature review in the PUBMED database, in the time interval between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022. Results: Fewer patients sought dental treatment during the pandemic period, 684 patients compared to 986 in the pre-pandemic period. Most of the patients were between thirty and fifty years old. A higher presence of women, compared to men, has been observed at both stages. Patients attended during the pandemic stage presented fewer systemic pathologies than those in the pre-pandemic period, except in the case of diabetes. Consumption of antidepressants and anxiolytics during the pandemic stage is noteworthy. The most prevalent lesions on the oral mucosa were white lesions. No cases of oral cancer were found during the pandemic period. The high prevalence of severe periodontal disease and extensive cavities has made it necessary to perform more complex restorative treatments and a higher number of extractions during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mean age during the pandemic stage has been higher, women have been more present in both stages and patients during the pandemic had less history of systemic pathology. The use of antidepressants and anxiolytics were more prevalent during the pandemic stage. White lesions have been the most prevalent mucosal pathologies. The dental situation of patients during the pandemic phase has required more complex treatments and more tooth extractions.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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Bibliographic reference
Durán Somacarrera, J. (2023). La boca en estado de pandemia. Estudio comparativo [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/12554







