Estudio retrospectivo a 5 años de los tratamientos de endodoncia y su posterior restauración realizados en la policlínica universitaria por estudiantes de grado
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Viola Ochoa, Carolina
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Abstract
Introducción:
El objetivo de la endodoncia es limpiar, conformar y sellar
tridimensionalmente el sistema de conductos radiculares para prevenir la
(re)infección. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento, es necesario que el diente
recupere adecuadamente su función y estética, por lo que resulta imprescindible
realizar la restauración definitiva.
Objetivos:
Determinar la causa más frecuente por la que se realizan los
tratamientos de endodoncia por estudiantes de grado en la clínica universitaria
de la Universidad Europea de Madrid.
Analizar las características de los pacientes (género y edad) y de los
dientes tratados (grupo dentario, arcada, diagnóstico pulpar y periapical, causa
y grado de destrucción), así como el tipo y material de la restauración definitiva.
Evaluar el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio del
tratamiento y desde el fin de este hasta la restauración, así como el número de
sesiones necesarias para finalizar la endodoncia.
Establecer la relación entre (1) el género y la edad de los pacientes con
el grupo dentario y la arcada, (2) el grupo dentario y la arcada con el diagnóstico
pulpar y periapical, la causa de la endodoncia, la causa y el grado de destrucción,
la reconstrucción preendodóntica, el número de sesiones, el tiempo
transcurrido para la restauración, el tipo y material utilizado para la restauración
definitiva, y los casos no restaurados, (3) la causa y el grado de destrucción con el tipo y material de la restauración definitiva, (4) el tiempo transcurrido desde
el diagnóstico hasta el inicio del tratamiento con la causa de la endodoncia y el
diagnóstico pulpar y periapical, y (5) la ausencia de restauración definitiva con
el diagnóstico pulpar y periapical, el número de sesiones y la reconstrucción
preendodóntica.
Por último, analizar la tendencia de los tratamientos de endodoncia y su
restauración a lo largo de los años de estudio.
Metodología:
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y
descriptivo de los tratamientos de endodoncia realizados por estudiantes del
grado de Odontología. Para ello, se analizaron los historiales clínicos de los
pacientes que recibieron este tratamiento en la policlínica universitaria durante
un periodo de 5 años (2017-2021). Los criterios de exclusión fueron: (1)
pacientes menores de 18 años, (2) endodoncia sin terminar, (3) tratamientos no
finalizados por estudiantes de grado, (4) dientes extraídos antes de terminar la
endodoncia y (5) otros: falta de información, tratamiento ya iniciado.
Resultados:
Durante el periodo de estudio, se realizaron 1484 tratamientos de
endodoncia. Se trataron hombres y mujeres en proporciones similares, y el
rango de edad más frecuente fue el de 41 a 60 años.
La causa más frecuente fue la caries (80%), y los premolares fueron el
grupo dentario más tratado (52%), siendo el 15 el diente más endodonciado
(9,7%). La edad y el género del paciente influyeron en el grupo dentario afectado. Sin embargo, la arcada únicamente tuvo relación con el grado de
destrucción coronaria y el uso de postes intrarradiculares.
El grupo dentario fue un factor relevante tanto en el diagnóstico como
en el tratamiento endodóntico y restaurador. La restauración estaba
estrechamente relacionada no solo con el grupo dentario, sino también con el
motivo y el grado de destrucción de la corona.
En resumen, este estudio proporciona una visión detallada de las
tendencias y patrones en los tratamientos de endodoncia realizados en una
clínica universitaria, resaltando la importancia de la caries dental como la causa
principal, y destacando las diferencias en el diagnóstico inicial y la restauración
final según la edad y el género de los pacientes, y el grupo dentario y la arcada
tratada. Además, se señala el impacto que tuvo la pandemia en este tipo de
tratamientos.
Conclusiones:
En este estudio se encontró que la caries dental fue la causa principal
por la que se realizaron tratamientos de endodoncia en la policlínica
universitaria. Se observó una mayor frecuencia en mujeres, especialmente en el
grupo de edad de 41 a 60 años.
El segundo premolar superior derecho (15) fue el diente más tratado, y
los premolares resultaron el grupo dentario más frecuentemente sometido a
endodoncias. Los diagnósticos previos más comunes incluyeron pulpitis sin
afectación periapical, aunque en pacientes mayores predominaron los casos de
necrosis. Se realizaron sobre todo restauraciones directas con composite y el
tiempo promedio tanto para iniciar la endodoncia como para realizar la
reconstrucción directa fue de dos semanas. Además, se observó una
disminución significativa en el número de tratamientos durante el año 2020
debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 .
Introduction: The primary goal of endodontic treatment is to clean, shape and create a three-dimensional seal of the root canal system to prevent (re)infection. Once the treatment is completed, it is essential for the tooth to adequately regain its function and aesthetics, making the definitive restoration an indispensable step. Objectives: Identify the predominant etiological factors requiring endodontic treatment in the undergraduate clinic of the European University of Madrid. Analyze patient demographics (gender and age) and detailed characteristics of treated teeth (dental group, arch, pulpal and periapical diagnoses, etiology, and extent of destruction). In addition, evaluate the type and materials used in the definitive restorations of endodontically treated teeth. Evaluate the time elapsed from diagnosis to the start of treatment and from the end of treatment to restoration, along with the number of sessions for endodontic completion. Establish the relationship between (1) patient gender and age with tooth group and arch, (2) tooth group and arch with pulpal and periapical diagnosis, cause of endodontics, cause and degree of destruction, preendodontic reconstruction, number of sessions, time elapsed for restoration, type and material used for definitive restoration, and untreated cases, (3) cause and degree of destruction with type and material of definitive restoration, (4) time elapsed from diagnosis to treatment initiation with cause of endodontics and pulpal and periapical diagnosis, and (5) lack of definitive restoration with pulpal and periapical diagnosis, number of sessions, and preendodontic reconstruction. Finally, analyze the trend of endodontic treatments and their restoration over the study years. Methods and materials: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study analyzed endodontic treatments conducted by dental students. Patient records from the university clinic over a 5-year period (2017-2021) were scrutinized. Exclusion criteria encompassed (1) patients under 18 years, (2) incomplete endodontic treatments, (3) treatments unfinished by undergraduate students, (4) teeth extraction before endodontic completion, and (5) other factors like insufficient data or previously initiated treatments. Results: Across the study duration, 1484 endodontic procedures were performed. Both genders were treated evenly, with the most common age range being 41 to 60 years. Caries was the predominant cause (80%), with premolars (52%) and tooth 15 (9.7%) being the most frequently treated. Patient age and gender influenced the affected dental group. The arch only had a relation to the degree of coronal destruction and the use of intraradicular posts. The tooth group was a relevant factor in both endodontic and restorative diagnosis and treatment. Restoration was closely related not only to the tooth group but also to the reason and degree of coronal destruction. In summary, this study provides a detailed insight into trends and patterns in endodontic treatments performed in a university clinic, highlighting the importance of dental caries as the main cause and emphasizing differences in initial diagnosis and final restoration based on patient age and gender, and the treated tooth group and arch. Additionally, the impact of the pandemic on these treatments is noted. Conclusions: Dental caries emerged as the predominant reason for endodontic treatments at the university clinic. A higher frequency was observed in women, especially in the 41 to 60 years age group. The second upper right premolar (tooth 15) was the most treated, and premolars were the tooth group most frequently subjected to endodontics. Common diagnoses included pulpitis without periapical involvement, although necrotic cases prevailed in older patients. Direct restorations with composite were mainly performed, and the average time for both starting endodontics and performing direct reconstruction was 2 weeks. Significantly reduced treatments were observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Introduction: The primary goal of endodontic treatment is to clean, shape and create a three-dimensional seal of the root canal system to prevent (re)infection. Once the treatment is completed, it is essential for the tooth to adequately regain its function and aesthetics, making the definitive restoration an indispensable step. Objectives: Identify the predominant etiological factors requiring endodontic treatment in the undergraduate clinic of the European University of Madrid. Analyze patient demographics (gender and age) and detailed characteristics of treated teeth (dental group, arch, pulpal and periapical diagnoses, etiology, and extent of destruction). In addition, evaluate the type and materials used in the definitive restorations of endodontically treated teeth. Evaluate the time elapsed from diagnosis to the start of treatment and from the end of treatment to restoration, along with the number of sessions for endodontic completion. Establish the relationship between (1) patient gender and age with tooth group and arch, (2) tooth group and arch with pulpal and periapical diagnosis, cause of endodontics, cause and degree of destruction, preendodontic reconstruction, number of sessions, time elapsed for restoration, type and material used for definitive restoration, and untreated cases, (3) cause and degree of destruction with type and material of definitive restoration, (4) time elapsed from diagnosis to treatment initiation with cause of endodontics and pulpal and periapical diagnosis, and (5) lack of definitive restoration with pulpal and periapical diagnosis, number of sessions, and preendodontic reconstruction. Finally, analyze the trend of endodontic treatments and their restoration over the study years. Methods and materials: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study analyzed endodontic treatments conducted by dental students. Patient records from the university clinic over a 5-year period (2017-2021) were scrutinized. Exclusion criteria encompassed (1) patients under 18 years, (2) incomplete endodontic treatments, (3) treatments unfinished by undergraduate students, (4) teeth extraction before endodontic completion, and (5) other factors like insufficient data or previously initiated treatments. Results: Across the study duration, 1484 endodontic procedures were performed. Both genders were treated evenly, with the most common age range being 41 to 60 years. Caries was the predominant cause (80%), with premolars (52%) and tooth 15 (9.7%) being the most frequently treated. Patient age and gender influenced the affected dental group. The arch only had a relation to the degree of coronal destruction and the use of intraradicular posts. The tooth group was a relevant factor in both endodontic and restorative diagnosis and treatment. Restoration was closely related not only to the tooth group but also to the reason and degree of coronal destruction. In summary, this study provides a detailed insight into trends and patterns in endodontic treatments performed in a university clinic, highlighting the importance of dental caries as the main cause and emphasizing differences in initial diagnosis and final restoration based on patient age and gender, and the treated tooth group and arch. Additionally, the impact of the pandemic on these treatments is noted. Conclusions: Dental caries emerged as the predominant reason for endodontic treatments at the university clinic. A higher frequency was observed in women, especially in the 41 to 60 years age group. The second upper right premolar (tooth 15) was the most treated, and premolars were the tooth group most frequently subjected to endodontics. Common diagnoses included pulpitis without periapical involvement, although necrotic cases prevailed in older patients. Direct restorations with composite were mainly performed, and the average time for both starting endodontics and performing direct reconstruction was 2 weeks. Significantly reduced treatments were observed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Description
Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
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Bibliographic reference
Viola Ochoa, C. (2024). Estudio retrospectivo a 5 años de los tratamientos de endodoncia y su posterior restauración realizados en la policlínica universitaria por estudiantes de grado. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/12948








