Avances en la evaluación integral y procedimientos clínicos para la salud pélvica
Loading...
Identifiers
Publication date
Authors
Advisors
Romero Morales, Carlos
Cueva Reguera, Mónica de la
Abuín Porras, Vanesa
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Introducción
En la actualidad, el suelo pélvico, es considerado un área que genera gran interés e incertidumbre en la sociedad. Esta estructura, afecta a ambos
géneros independientemente de la edad. Son múltiples las disfunciones
asociadas a esta área, entre ellas destacan las alteraciones en el ciclo
menstrual en el caso de la mujer, la incontinencia de orina, los trastornos en
la función sexual y el dolor pélvico. Además, aspectos psicológicos como
el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión producen un gran impacto en
estas patologías. La anamnesis, la observación y la palpación resultan
indispensables para un posterior abordaje integral e individualizado. Uno de
los tratamientos más estudiados y con gran eficacia esla neuromodulación del
nervio tibial posterior, la cual produce grandes beneficios en diferentes
patologías de suelo pélvico, mejorando la calidad de vida de quienes las
sufren.
Objetivos
El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es analizar y desarrollar
nuevos avances en la evaluación integral y procedimientos clínicos aplicados
a la salud pélvica. Los objetivos de la presente tesis doctoral son: 1) analizar
la relación entre las vacunas de ARNmcontra la COVID-19 y las alteraciones en
el ciclo menstrual en mujeres de 18-45 años en España. 2) estudiar la relación
entre la musculatura externa de suelo pélvico y la musculatura orofacial en
mujeres sanas de entre 18-45 años residentes en España. 3) investigar si las
propiedades antropométricas pueden predecir la profundidad a la que se
puede encontrar el nervio tibial en sujetos de 18 a 45 años en España.
RESUMEN
10
Métodos
La presente tesis doctoral empleó una metodología observacional, compuesta
de tres artículos observacionales y transversales (estudio 1,2 y 3).
En el estudio 1, se incluyeron un total de n=746 mujeres de 18 a 45 años,
residentes en España y que hubieran recibido vacunación de ARNm para el
COVID-19. Se evaluó la duración del ciclo menstrual, el dolor y la cantidad de
sangrado menstrual.
En el estudio 2, participaron un total de n=65 mujeres sanas de 18 a 45 años
residentes en España. Se evaluaron las propiedades mecánicas y viscoelásticas
de ambos maseteros y temporales, así como, del NFCP mediante
miotonometría. Además, se recogieron datos acerca del estrés percibido,
ansiedad, bruxismo, trastornos temporomandibulares, calidad de sueño y
función sexual femenina.
En el estudio 3, se analizó a n=50 sujetos de 18 a 45 años residentes en
España, con el objetivo de recoger datos antropométricos como el sexo, la
edad, la altura, el peso, el índice de masa corporal, la longitud de la pierna y
el perímetro de la pierna en hueco poplíteo y a 5 cm craneal al maléolo
interno. Además de la profundidad del nervio tibial mediante ecografía.
Resultados
El estudio 1 demuestra que el 65 % de las mujeres encontraron cambios en su
ciclo menstrual después de recibir la vacunación de ARNm contra la
COVID-19, independientemente del número de dosis administradas o la
vacuna utilizada, estas alteraciones fueron más frecuentes en mujeres de
entre 31 y 45 años (77 %) que entre las de 18 y 30 (60 %). Además, estas
alteraciones se mantenían en el tiempo durante al menos 5 meses.
RESUMEN
11
También se encontró que, a mayor duración del ciclo, mayor cantidad (r=0.32,
p<0.001) y dolor menstrual (r=0.15, p<0.01).
El estudio 2 señala que existe correlación estadísticamente significativa entre
el músculo temporal derecho y el NFCP, en lo que destaca, el tiempo de
relajación del temporal derecho y la rigidez del núcleo (r=0.253, p=0.042) y el
tiempo de relajación de ambos (r=-0.261, p<0.036). Los TMDs mostraron una
correlación negativa respecto a la lubricación vaginal (r=-0.254, p=0.041),
mientras que el bruxismo y el dolor durante las relaciones sexuales presentan
una correlación positiva (r=0.261, p=0.036).
El estudio 3 permite desarrollar fórmulas prácticas para predecir la
profundidad del nervio tibial a nivel proximal y en el tercio medio de la pierna,
pudiendo así, seleccionar la longitud adecuada de la aguja. Existen
correlaciones positivas entre la circunferencia de la pierna en el tercio medio
y la profundidad del nervio a ambos niveles. Además, el índice de masa
corporal también mostró correlación significativa en ambos niveles.
Conclusiones
Se observa relación entre la administración de vacunas de ARNm contra la
COVID-19 y alteraciones en el ciclo menstrual en mujeres de 18 a 45 años
residentes en España. Estas alteraciones incluyen cambios en la duración del
ciclo menstrual, el dolor menstrual y la cantidad de sangrado,
independientemente del tipo de vacuna, número de dosis o tiempo
transcurrido tras la última dosis.
Segundo, se confirma la existencia de una relación significativa entre la
musculatura orofacial y de suelo pélvico en mujeres. Destacando la asociación
entre los trastornos temporomandibulares y una menor lubricación vaginal,
así como entre el bruxismo y un mayor dolor durante las relaciones sexuales.
RESUMEN
12
Finalmente, se ha desarrollado una fórmula que permite predecir la
profundidad del nervio tibial a nivel proximal y en el tercio medio de la pierna.
Este estudio permitió identificar predictores significativos de la profundidad
del nervio tibial tanto en el tercio proximal como en el tercio medio de la
pierna.
Introduction Nowadays, the pelvic floor generates great interest and uncertainty in society. This structure affects both genders regardless of age. There are many dysfunctions associated with this area, including alterations in the menstrual cycle in woman, urinary incontinence, sexual function disorders and pelvic pain. In addition, psychological aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression have a major impact on these pathologies. Anamnesis, observation and palpation are essential for a comprehensive and individualized approach. One of the most studied and highly effective treatments is neuromodulation of the posterior tibial nerve, which produces great benefits in different pelvic floor pathologies, improving the quality of life of those who suffer from them. Objectives The main objective of thisresearch isto analyze and develop new advances in multidimensional assessment and clinical procedures applied to pelvic health. The objectives of this doctoral thesis are: 1) to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and menstrual cycle alterationsin women aged 18-45 yearsin Spain. 2) to study the relationship between external pelvic floor and orofacial musculature in healthy women aged 18-45 years living in Spain. 3) to investigate whether anthropometric properties can predict the depth at which the tibial nerve can be found by ultrasound in subjects aged 18-45 years in Spain. Methods This doctoral thesis used an observational methodology, consisting of three observational and cross-sectional articles (study 1, 2 and 3). ABSTRACT 14 In study 1, a total of (n=746) women aged 18-45 years, resident in Spain and who had received mRNA vaccination for COVID-19 were included. Menstrual cycle length, pain and amount of menstrual bleeding were assessed. In study 2, a total of (n=65) healthy women aged 18-45 years living in Spain participated. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of both masseter and temporalis as well as the central fibrous core of the perineum were assessed by myotonometry. In addition, data were collected on perceived stress, anxiety, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders, sleep quality and female sexual function. In study 3, n=50 subjects aged 18 to 45 years living in Spain were analyzed in order to collect anthropometric data such as sex, age, height, weight, body massindex, leg length and perimeter in the popliteal fossa and 5 cm cranial to the internal malleolus. As well as the depth of the tibial nerve with ultrasound. Results Study 1 shows that 65 % of women found changes in their menstrual cycle after receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, regardless of the number of doses administered or the vaccine used, and these alterations were more frequent in women aged 31-45 years (77 %) than in women aged 18-30 years (60 %). Moreover, these alterations were maintained over time for at least 5 months. It was also found that the longer the duration of the cycle was, the greater the quantity (r=0.32, p<0.001) and menstrual pain (r=0.15, p<0.01). Study 2 showed a statistically significant correlation between the right temporalis muscle and the central fibrous nucleus of the perineum, notably the relaxation time of the right temporalis muscle and the stiffness of the core (r=0.253, p=0.042) and the relaxation time of both (r=-0.261, p<0.036). Temporomandibular disorders showed a negative correlation with respect to ABSTRACT 15 vaginal lubrication (r=-0.254, p=0.041), while bruxism and pain during intercourse showed a positive correlation (r=0.261, p=0.036). Study 3 allows the development of practical formulae to predict the depth of the tibial nerve proximally and in the middle third of the leg, thus allowing the selection of the appropriate needle length. There are positive correlations between mid-thigh leg circumference and nerve depth at both levels. In addition, body massindex also showed significant correlation at both levels. Conclusions A relationship is observed between administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and alterations in the menstrual cycle in women aged 18-45 years living in Spain. These alterations include changes in the length of the menstrual cycle,menstrual pain and the amount of bleeding, regardless of the type of vaccine, number of doses or time elapsed since the last dose. Second, the existence of a significant relationship between orofacial and pelvic floor musculature in women is confirmed. The association between temporomandibular disorders and reduced vaginal lubrication, as well as between bruxism and increased pain during sexual intercourse, has been highlighted. Finally, a formula has been developed to predict tibial nerve depth at the proximal and middle third of the leg. This study identified significant predictors of tibial nerve depth in both the proximal and middle third of the leg.
Introduction Nowadays, the pelvic floor generates great interest and uncertainty in society. This structure affects both genders regardless of age. There are many dysfunctions associated with this area, including alterations in the menstrual cycle in woman, urinary incontinence, sexual function disorders and pelvic pain. In addition, psychological aspects such as stress, anxiety and depression have a major impact on these pathologies. Anamnesis, observation and palpation are essential for a comprehensive and individualized approach. One of the most studied and highly effective treatments is neuromodulation of the posterior tibial nerve, which produces great benefits in different pelvic floor pathologies, improving the quality of life of those who suffer from them. Objectives The main objective of thisresearch isto analyze and develop new advances in multidimensional assessment and clinical procedures applied to pelvic health. The objectives of this doctoral thesis are: 1) to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and menstrual cycle alterationsin women aged 18-45 yearsin Spain. 2) to study the relationship between external pelvic floor and orofacial musculature in healthy women aged 18-45 years living in Spain. 3) to investigate whether anthropometric properties can predict the depth at which the tibial nerve can be found by ultrasound in subjects aged 18-45 years in Spain. Methods This doctoral thesis used an observational methodology, consisting of three observational and cross-sectional articles (study 1, 2 and 3). ABSTRACT 14 In study 1, a total of (n=746) women aged 18-45 years, resident in Spain and who had received mRNA vaccination for COVID-19 were included. Menstrual cycle length, pain and amount of menstrual bleeding were assessed. In study 2, a total of (n=65) healthy women aged 18-45 years living in Spain participated. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of both masseter and temporalis as well as the central fibrous core of the perineum were assessed by myotonometry. In addition, data were collected on perceived stress, anxiety, bruxism, temporomandibular disorders, sleep quality and female sexual function. In study 3, n=50 subjects aged 18 to 45 years living in Spain were analyzed in order to collect anthropometric data such as sex, age, height, weight, body massindex, leg length and perimeter in the popliteal fossa and 5 cm cranial to the internal malleolus. As well as the depth of the tibial nerve with ultrasound. Results Study 1 shows that 65 % of women found changes in their menstrual cycle after receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, regardless of the number of doses administered or the vaccine used, and these alterations were more frequent in women aged 31-45 years (77 %) than in women aged 18-30 years (60 %). Moreover, these alterations were maintained over time for at least 5 months. It was also found that the longer the duration of the cycle was, the greater the quantity (r=0.32, p<0.001) and menstrual pain (r=0.15, p<0.01). Study 2 showed a statistically significant correlation between the right temporalis muscle and the central fibrous nucleus of the perineum, notably the relaxation time of the right temporalis muscle and the stiffness of the core (r=0.253, p=0.042) and the relaxation time of both (r=-0.261, p<0.036). Temporomandibular disorders showed a negative correlation with respect to ABSTRACT 15 vaginal lubrication (r=-0.254, p=0.041), while bruxism and pain during intercourse showed a positive correlation (r=0.261, p=0.036). Study 3 allows the development of practical formulae to predict the depth of the tibial nerve proximally and in the middle third of the leg, thus allowing the selection of the appropriate needle length. There are positive correlations between mid-thigh leg circumference and nerve depth at both levels. In addition, body massindex also showed significant correlation at both levels. Conclusions A relationship is observed between administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and alterations in the menstrual cycle in women aged 18-45 years living in Spain. These alterations include changes in the length of the menstrual cycle,menstrual pain and the amount of bleeding, regardless of the type of vaccine, number of doses or time elapsed since the last dose. Second, the existence of a significant relationship between orofacial and pelvic floor musculature in women is confirmed. The association between temporomandibular disorders and reduced vaginal lubrication, as well as between bruxism and increased pain during sexual intercourse, has been highlighted. Finally, a formula has been developed to predict tibial nerve depth at the proximal and middle third of the leg. This study identified significant predictors of tibial nerve depth in both the proximal and middle third of the leg.
Description
Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud
UNESCO Subjects
Keywords
Bibliographic reference
Mínguez Esteban, I. (2025). Avances en la evaluación integral y procedimientos clínicos para la salud pélvica. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/14167







