Safety and anatomical accuracy of dry needling procedures in musculoskeletal system: a systematic review of cadaveric studies

Abstract

In recent years, invasive physiotherapy techniques have seen a significant rise in use for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. However, there is currently no standardization in the anatomical landmarks, needle length, and insertion angles applied across different muscles, which is critical for ensuring both safety and reliability, especially in non-ultrasound-guided interventions.To analyze the results of studies evaluating invasive puncture techniques performed on cadaveric specimens and to assess their methodological quality.