Análisis cuantitativo del desgaste dentario y de materiales restauradores en adultos mediante escáner intraoral. Estudio clínico prospectivo a 24 meses
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Bertuol Gessi, Sabina Francesca
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El desgaste dentario representa una problemática creciente en la salud bucal, con causas que van desde el envejecimiento natural hasta factores asociados con el estilo de vida moderno, como dietas ácidas, estrés y consumo de bebidas carbonatadas. Este fenómeno puede clasificarse como fisiológico (natural) o patológico (anormal), siendo este último el foco de interés debido a su impacto en la funcionalidad, estética y calidad de vida de los pacientes. A lo largo del tiempo, el estudio del desgaste dental ha evolucionado significativamente, desde la identificación de sus formas fundamentales (atrición, abrasión, abfracción y erosión) hasta la implementación de técnicas diagnósticas avanzadas. La cuantificación del desgaste dental y la evaluación de materiales restauradores son aspectos cruciales en la odontología moderna. Para evaluar el desgaste dental, se han propuesto métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los métodos cualitativos, aunque ampliamente utilizados, enfrentan desafíos de subjetividad, limitando su utilidad. Por otro lado, los métodos cuantitativos ofrecen una mayor objetividad al basarse en mediciones precisas, realizadas tanto en el laboratorio como directamente en la boca del paciente, aunque en algunas ocasiones con técnicas complejas. Este estudio investiga de manera objetiva el desgaste dentario y el deterioro de los XXI Resumen materiales restauradores mediante el escáner intraoral True Definition® a los 6, 12 y 24 meses, con el objetivo de optimizar las intervenciones terapéuticas y personalizar el tratamiento dental. OBJETIVO: El objetivo general del estudio es evaluar cuantitativamente el desgaste dentario y el deterioro de materiales restauradores en adultos mediante un escáner intraoral a lo largo de periodos de 6, 12 y 24 meses. Se busca analizar y comparar la tasa de desgaste en el esmalte y en diversos materiales restauradores como composite, cerámica, ionómero de vidrio y amalgama, así como evaluar la tasa de desgaste según su ubicación en la corona clínica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El diseño constituye un estudio piloto experimental clínico, prospectivo, controlado, aleatorizado, de boca partida y evaluación cegada. La muestra incluyó 38 pacientes seleccionados bajo criterios estrictos de inclusión y exclusión, abarcando un total de 431 dientes. El seguimiento longitudinal se realizó con mediciones en tres intervalos temporales (6 meses, 12 meses y 24 meses). Se empleó el escáner intraoral True Definition® para obtener imágenes tridimensionales, y el análisis se llevó a cabo mediante la superposición de archivos STL, permitiendo medir la pérdida de volumen y área en las superficies dentarias y restauraciones. RESULTADOS: En el análisis global, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el desgaste entre los puntos de referencia temporal T1 y T2. Sin embargo, se evidenció una diferencia significativa entre T1, T2 y T3. El esmalte mostró una resistencia progresiva al desgaste, con un incremento del 55 % en T3 respecto a T1 y del 41 % respecto a T2. Las tasas de desgaste del composite oscilaron entre 0 y casi 1 mm, sin cambios significativos a lo largo de los tres intervalos temporales. La cerámica presentó un desgaste constante, con incrementos significativos del 44.5 % en T2 respecto a T1 y del 32 % en T3. El ionómero de vidrio experimentó un desgaste inicial considerable en T1, que se estabilizó en los periodos posteriores. Las tasas mínimas de XXII Universidad Europea Madrid Resumen desgaste se observaron en la amalgama, con diferencias significativas entre T1 y T2, aunque no se disponen de datos suficientes en T3 debido a limitaciones de la muestra. Finalmente, la evaluación del desgaste según la ubicación en la corona clínica reveló que el primer molar inferior presentó el mayor desgaste, seguido del segundo premolar superior. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican que, aunque no existe un material restaurador que iguale las características del esmalte, cada material presenta un patrón único de desgaste, lo que resalta la necesidad de estrategias terapéuticas individualizadas. Es crucial continuar investigando para establecer protocolos estandarizados que permitan comprender mejor la evolución del desgaste dental y desarrollar tratamientos más efectivos y personalizados.
INTRODUCTION: Dental wear represents an increasingly prevalent challenge in oral health, with etiological factors ranging from natural ageing processes to lifestyle-related causes, including acidic diets, stress, and carbonated beverage consumption. This phenomenon can be classified as either physiological (natural) or pathological (abnormal), with the latter being of particular interest due to its impact on functionality, aesthetics, and patients’ quality of life. Over time, research on dental wear has significantly evolved, from identifying its fundamental forms (attrition, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion) to incorporating advanced diagnostic techniques. Quantifying dental wear and evaluating restorative materials are critical aspects of modern dentistry. Methods for assessing dental wear are categorised into qualitative and quantitative approaches. While qualitative methods are widely used, they are subject to challenges of subjectivity, limiting their utility. In contrast, quantitative methods provide greater objectivity, relying on precise measurements conducted either in the laboratory or directly in the patient’s oral cavity, though these can sometimes involve complex techniques. This study investigates dental wear and the deterioration of restorative materials using the True Definition® intraoral scanner at 6, 12, and 24 months, aiming to optimize therapeutic interventions and personalize dental treatment. XXV Abstract OBJECTIVE: The general objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate dental wear and the degradation of restorative materials in adults using an intraoral scanner over periods of 6, 12, and 24 months. Specifically, the study aims to analyze and compare the wear rate of enamel and various restorative materials—composite, ceramic, glass ionomer, and amalgam—as well as evaluate wear rates based on their location within the clinical crown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study constitutes a pilot experimental clinical trial, prospective in nature, randomized, split-mouth, and evaluator-blinded. The sample comprised 38 patients selected according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 431 teeth. Longitudinal followups were conducted with measurements taken at three-time intervals (6 months, 12 months, and 24 months). The intraoral True Definition Scanner® was used to obtain three-dimensional images, and analyses were performed by superimposing STL files to measure volume loss and surface area changes on both dental and restorative material surfaces. RESULTS: In the global analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed in dental wear between temporal reference points T1 and T2. However, a significant difference was noted across T1, T2, and T3. Enamel exhibited progressive resistance to wear, with an increase of 55 % in T3 compared to T1 and 41 % compared to T2. Composite wear rates ranged from 0 to nearly 1 mm, with no significant changes across the three intervals. Ceramics exhibited consistent wear, with significant increases of 44.5 % in T2 compared to T1 and 32 % in T3. Glass ionomer showed considerable initial wear at T1, which stabilized in subsequent periods. Minimal wear rates were observed in amalgam, with significant differences between T1 and T2. However, insufficient data were available for T3 due to sample limitations. Finally, the evaluation of wear based on crown location revealed that the mandibular first molar exhibited the highest wear, followed by the maxillary second premolar. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that, while no restorative material XXVI Universidad Europea Madrid Abstract matches the wear resistance of enamel, each material exhibits a unique wear pattern, underscoring the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies. Continued research is crucial to establish standardized protocols, enhance the understanding of dental wear progression, and develop more effective, personalized treatment approaches.
INTRODUCTION: Dental wear represents an increasingly prevalent challenge in oral health, with etiological factors ranging from natural ageing processes to lifestyle-related causes, including acidic diets, stress, and carbonated beverage consumption. This phenomenon can be classified as either physiological (natural) or pathological (abnormal), with the latter being of particular interest due to its impact on functionality, aesthetics, and patients’ quality of life. Over time, research on dental wear has significantly evolved, from identifying its fundamental forms (attrition, abrasion, abfraction, and erosion) to incorporating advanced diagnostic techniques. Quantifying dental wear and evaluating restorative materials are critical aspects of modern dentistry. Methods for assessing dental wear are categorised into qualitative and quantitative approaches. While qualitative methods are widely used, they are subject to challenges of subjectivity, limiting their utility. In contrast, quantitative methods provide greater objectivity, relying on precise measurements conducted either in the laboratory or directly in the patient’s oral cavity, though these can sometimes involve complex techniques. This study investigates dental wear and the deterioration of restorative materials using the True Definition® intraoral scanner at 6, 12, and 24 months, aiming to optimize therapeutic interventions and personalize dental treatment. XXV Abstract OBJECTIVE: The general objective of this study is to quantitatively evaluate dental wear and the degradation of restorative materials in adults using an intraoral scanner over periods of 6, 12, and 24 months. Specifically, the study aims to analyze and compare the wear rate of enamel and various restorative materials—composite, ceramic, glass ionomer, and amalgam—as well as evaluate wear rates based on their location within the clinical crown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study constitutes a pilot experimental clinical trial, prospective in nature, randomized, split-mouth, and evaluator-blinded. The sample comprised 38 patients selected according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 431 teeth. Longitudinal followups were conducted with measurements taken at three-time intervals (6 months, 12 months, and 24 months). The intraoral True Definition Scanner® was used to obtain three-dimensional images, and analyses were performed by superimposing STL files to measure volume loss and surface area changes on both dental and restorative material surfaces. RESULTS: In the global analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed in dental wear between temporal reference points T1 and T2. However, a significant difference was noted across T1, T2, and T3. Enamel exhibited progressive resistance to wear, with an increase of 55 % in T3 compared to T1 and 41 % compared to T2. Composite wear rates ranged from 0 to nearly 1 mm, with no significant changes across the three intervals. Ceramics exhibited consistent wear, with significant increases of 44.5 % in T2 compared to T1 and 32 % in T3. Glass ionomer showed considerable initial wear at T1, which stabilized in subsequent periods. Minimal wear rates were observed in amalgam, with significant differences between T1 and T2. However, insufficient data were available for T3 due to sample limitations. Finally, the evaluation of wear based on crown location revealed that the mandibular first molar exhibited the highest wear, followed by the maxillary second premolar. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that, while no restorative material XXVI Universidad Europea Madrid Abstract matches the wear resistance of enamel, each material exhibits a unique wear pattern, underscoring the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies. Continued research is crucial to establish standardized protocols, enhance the understanding of dental wear progression, and develop more effective, personalized treatment approaches.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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Bertuol Gessi, S. F. (2024). Análisis cuantitativo del desgaste dentario y de materiales restauradores en adultos mediante escáner intraoral. Estudio clínico prospectivo a 24 meses. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. https://hdl.handle.net/11268/16448





