Resistance Training in Women

Abstract

Resistance training (RT) is one of the most popular methods of exercise for improving physical fitness. The current interest in RT by women is evidenced by the great number of women who now train and the growth of female training contests. It is well documented that long-term systematic RT causes increased muscle strength and cardiovascular function. Regarding women, evidence has shown other related benefits such as an increased bone mineral density, improvements in maternal health and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy, changes in body composition, improvements in health-related outcomes in old age, and the treatment and risk reduction for multiple chronic diseases. In this chapter, we will cover the importance of RT training in women and its associated increase in general physical fitness and so in quality of life. We will describe the physiological mechanisms related to resistance training in women, and some gender differences. We will also describe the main effects and characteristics of RT programs in women, and focus on the potential benefits of resistance exercise during pregnancy and post-partum. Finally, we will try to provide some recommendations specific to women RT based on current research.