Dark rides: tres ejemplos de diseño ambiental contemporáneo
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Sabugo Sierra, Ana
Elvira Peña, Juan
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El término ‘diseño ambiental’ alude a la
caracterización de un hábitat por medios
artificiales para constituir una determinada
atmósfera arquitectónica. Aunque las
experiencias inmersivas propias de las
atmósferas dieron comienzo con algunas
pulsiones espaciales del Romanticismo, el
término atmósfera comenzó a acuñarse en el
siglo xix, para referirse a la manipulación de
parámetros ambientales –como temperatura
o humedad– para atemperar un espacio con el
fin de alcanzar el nivel de confort deseado. Sin
embargo, debido a las demandas socioculturales
y las transformaciones tecnológicas de cada
época, el término ha ido adquiriendo nuevos
matices y significados. A mediados del siglo xx
los parques temáticos Disneyland representaron
la madurez de las experiencias de las
atracciones lúdicas de masas, donde la demanda
de ocio y entretenimiento y la incorporación
de narrativas a las atracciones hacen florecer
nuevos procesos técnicos que han complejizado
dicho término.
Analizaremos las atracciones contenidas en
interiores totales, conocidas como dark rides,
donde esos nuevos procesos técnicos, como
el uso de la animatrónica, la combinación de
luz, espejos y otros mecanismos se suman a
la modificación de temperatura y humedad
ya mencionadas. Mediante tres ejemplos,
It’s a Small World (1966), The Haunted
Mansion (1969) y Space Mountain (1977),
estudiaremos la implementación de técnicas
de diseño ambiental inéditas, técnicas
creativas contemporáneas que provocan
experiencias inmersivas que van mucho más
allá de la mera modificación del clima.
The term ‘environmental design’ refers to the characterization of a habitat by artificial means to constitute a certain architectural atmosphere. Although immersive experiences began with some spatial drives of Romanticism, the term atmosphere was established in the 19th century, to refer to the manipulation of environmental parameters – such as temperature or humidity – to temper a space in order to reach the desired comfort level. However, due to the sociocultural demands and technological transformations of each era, the term has been acquiring new nuances and meanings. In the mid-twentieth century, Disneyland theme parks represented the maturity of the experiences of mass leisure attractions, where the demand for leisure and entertainment and the incorporation of narratives to the attractions flourish new technical processes that have made the term more complex. We will analyze the attractions contained in total interiors, known as dark rides, where these new technical processes, such as the use of animatronics, the combination of light, mirrors and other mechanisms, add to the modification of temperature and humidity already mentioned. Using three examples, It’s a Small World (1966), The Haunted Mansion (1969) and Space Mountain (1977), we will study the implementation of unpublished environmental design techniques, contemporary creative techniques that provoke immersive experiences that go far beyond mere weather modification.
The term ‘environmental design’ refers to the characterization of a habitat by artificial means to constitute a certain architectural atmosphere. Although immersive experiences began with some spatial drives of Romanticism, the term atmosphere was established in the 19th century, to refer to the manipulation of environmental parameters – such as temperature or humidity – to temper a space in order to reach the desired comfort level. However, due to the sociocultural demands and technological transformations of each era, the term has been acquiring new nuances and meanings. In the mid-twentieth century, Disneyland theme parks represented the maturity of the experiences of mass leisure attractions, where the demand for leisure and entertainment and the incorporation of narratives to the attractions flourish new technical processes that have made the term more complex. We will analyze the attractions contained in total interiors, known as dark rides, where these new technical processes, such as the use of animatronics, the combination of light, mirrors and other mechanisms, add to the modification of temperature and humidity already mentioned. Using three examples, It’s a Small World (1966), The Haunted Mansion (1969) and Space Mountain (1977), we will study the implementation of unpublished environmental design techniques, contemporary creative techniques that provoke immersive experiences that go far beyond mere weather modification.
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Sabugo Sierra, A., y Elvira Peña, J. (2020). Dark rides: tres ejemplos de diseño ambiental contemporáneo. REIA: Revista Europea de Investigación en Arquitectura, (16), 197-214. http://reia.es/REIA16_10_ALTA.pdf



