La evolución de la vivienda en las propuestas urbanísticas de Le Corbusier. De la máquina al hogar
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Vírseda Aizpún, Alejandro
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La dualidad individual-colectivo, vislumbrada
por primera vez en 1907 en la cartuja de Ema,
es reconocida por Le Corbusier como uno de
los conceptos generadores y motores de sus
propuestas urbanísticas. El primer término
es representado por la célula de vivienda
que compone cada uno de sus bloques
residenciales y la segunda por los espacios
públicos de sus propuestas urbanísticas.
Ambas realidades irán evolucionando hacia
posiciones cada vez más extremas y alejadas.
La vivienda deriva progresivamente hacia
la segunda acepción del término “maquina
de habitar” de los años 20, habitualmente
olvidada, que consideraba el espacio
doméstico como el verdadero reducto de
la vida individual: “un lugar útil para la
meditación y que aportará al espíritu la calma
indispensable” *
. Contrariamente, los espacios
públicos de los centros urbanos, desiertos en
sus primeras propuestas, se convertirán con
el paso del tiempo en auténticos centros de
actividad comunal de relación definidos en el
CIAM VIII de Hoddesden (Inglaterra, 1951)
como los “corazones de la ciudad”.
The individual–collective dualism, first glimpsed in 1907 in the Ema charterhouse, is recognised by Le Corbusier as one of the generating and driving concepts of his urban planning proposals. First term is symbolised by the housing cell which makes up its own residential blocks; second term, by its outer public spaces. Both realities would evolve progressively to extreme and distant positions. Housing increasingly follows the second sense of the twenties expression “dwelling engine”, usually forgotten, which considered domestic space as the true stronghold of individual life: “a useful place for meditation, which will bring the essential calm to the spirit”. On the opposite, urban centre public spaces, null and void from his first proposals, will across time become real centres of communal relationship activities, such that at CIAM VIII in Hoddesden (England, 1951) would be defined as “hearts” of the city.
The individual–collective dualism, first glimpsed in 1907 in the Ema charterhouse, is recognised by Le Corbusier as one of the generating and driving concepts of his urban planning proposals. First term is symbolised by the housing cell which makes up its own residential blocks; second term, by its outer public spaces. Both realities would evolve progressively to extreme and distant positions. Housing increasingly follows the second sense of the twenties expression “dwelling engine”, usually forgotten, which considered domestic space as the true stronghold of individual life: “a useful place for meditation, which will bring the essential calm to the spirit”. On the opposite, urban centre public spaces, null and void from his first proposals, will across time become real centres of communal relationship activities, such that at CIAM VIII in Hoddesden (England, 1951) would be defined as “hearts” of the city.
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Vírseda Aizpún, A. (2015). La evolución de la vivienda en las propuestas urbanísticas de Le Corbusier. De la máquina al hogar. REIA: Revista Europea de Investigación en Arquitectura, (3), 199-218. http://reia.es/REIA312V.pdf



