Integration of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: A case study

Abstract

Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL), also known as scrofula, is the most common extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis. This case describes a 3-year-old boy with a persistent cervical mass, without systemic symptoms such as fever or night sweats. Examination reveals a firm, painless lateral lymphadenopathy. Various diagnostic tests are performed—Mantoux, PCR, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy—supplemented by artificial intelligence-assisted imaging analysis.