Audience Design as Means of Quality Assessment in Subtitling
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Serban, Adriana
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Para evaluar de manera coherente la calidad de la traducción, es
necesario basarse en unos criterios teóricos concretos (Hönig
1998: 6). Puesto que hay muchos criterios teóricos aplicables, la
calidad se puede evaluar de muchas maneras distintas, con
implicaciones prácticas en la formación de los traductores. Esta
ponencia se centra en la teoría del “diseño de la
audiencia” (Audience Design). La noción de diseño de la audiencia
(Bell 1984 y 2001) proviene de la Sociolingüística y, normalmente,
se ha visto asociada con estudios de la comunicación oral. El
principio fundamental en el que se basa esta teoría es que los
comunicadores siempre seleccionan o diseñan lo que van a
transmitir en función de su audiencia y que, por ello, este diseño
es el principal determinante del estilo lingüístico manifestado en
todos los niveles de la elección lingüística. Asimismo, Bell (1984:
160) sugiere que el estilo del texto de un orador se ve influido, de
muy diferentes maneras y en diferentes medidas, por ciertos
grupos de receptores que pueden formar parte de la audiencia. La
teoría de la traducción, especialmente la que abarca el
funcionalismo (por ejemplo, Nord 1997), la teoría del skopos (por
ejemplo, Vermeer 1996), y el enfoque comunicativo adoptado en
los estudios de Hatim y Mason (1997) y Gutt (1991/2000), ha
allanado de muchas maneras el terreno para introducir el
componente de la audiencia en el estudio de la calidad de la
traducción (véanse, por ejemplo, las contribuciones hechas al
volumen de 1998 de Schäffner acerca de la calidad). Sin embargo,
hasta el momento se han llevado a cabo pocos estudios sobre el
diseño de la audiencia, tal y como lo concebía Bell (1984 y 2001),
dentro del campo de la traducción (véase, no obstante, Mason
2000). El número de estudios realizados en el campo de la
traducción audiovisual es incluso menor.
A coherent model of translation quality assessment can only exist within an overall theoretical framework (Hönig 1998: 6); since there are various theoretical frameworks which can be used it follows that there also are several ways of assessing translation quality, with implications for training. The aim of this paper is to present the outline of a research project in subtitling, which uses the framework of Audience Design. The notion of Audience Design (Bell 1984 and 2001) comes from sociolinguistics, and its main tenet is that communicators always design their output for an audience, and that this design manifests itself at all levels of linguistic choice. Translation theory, especially in its target-oriented form which includes functionalism (e.g. Nord 1997) and skopos theory (e.g. Vermeer 1996), and the communicative approach adopted in studies such as Hatim and Mason (1997) and Gutt (1991/2000) has in various ways prepared the ground for the introduction of the audience component to the study of translation (e.g. see the contributions to Schäffner’s 1998 volume on quality), but to date there have been very few studies of Audience Design in the sense of Bell (1984 and 2001) (see, however, Mason 2000). Using qualitative, pragmatics-oriented analysis of samples from a small multilingual corpus of subtitled audiovisual programmes, this paper investigates the implications of using Audience Design as means of quality assessment in subtitling, with specific reference to the teaching of subtitling. The study pilots a project which will involve both qualitative and quantitative analyses of a larger corpus of subtitles.
A coherent model of translation quality assessment can only exist within an overall theoretical framework (Hönig 1998: 6); since there are various theoretical frameworks which can be used it follows that there also are several ways of assessing translation quality, with implications for training. The aim of this paper is to present the outline of a research project in subtitling, which uses the framework of Audience Design. The notion of Audience Design (Bell 1984 and 2001) comes from sociolinguistics, and its main tenet is that communicators always design their output for an audience, and that this design manifests itself at all levels of linguistic choice. Translation theory, especially in its target-oriented form which includes functionalism (e.g. Nord 1997) and skopos theory (e.g. Vermeer 1996), and the communicative approach adopted in studies such as Hatim and Mason (1997) and Gutt (1991/2000) has in various ways prepared the ground for the introduction of the audience component to the study of translation (e.g. see the contributions to Schäffner’s 1998 volume on quality), but to date there have been very few studies of Audience Design in the sense of Bell (1984 and 2001) (see, however, Mason 2000). Using qualitative, pragmatics-oriented analysis of samples from a small multilingual corpus of subtitled audiovisual programmes, this paper investigates the implications of using Audience Design as means of quality assessment in subtitling, with specific reference to the teaching of subtitling. The study pilots a project which will involve both qualitative and quantitative analyses of a larger corpus of subtitles.
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Bibliographic reference
Serban, A. (2004). Audience design as means of quality assessment in subtitling. IV Jornadas sobre la formación y profesión del traductor e intérprete. Villaviciosa de Odón, 25 - 27 de febrero, 2004.


