Utopías y entorno energético. La utopía urbana contemporánea y el paradigma de las estructuras disipativas
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Calzado de Toro, Pablo
Raposo Grau, Javier Francisco
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Abstract
Partiendo de las ideas de Mumford (1922) y Rifkin
(1980), podemos considerar las utopías como una
proyección de las potencialidades y expectativas
de un determinado entorno energético así como de
los transformadores energéticos de dicho entorno,
entre los que se encuentran tanto la tecnología
como las instituciones sociales y políticas.
Retomando las metáforas de la arquitectura como
organismo o mecanismo (Fernández-Galiano
1991), se estudia cómo cada visión del mundo
inspirará sucesivamente la imagen de la ciudad
utópica: como un organismo parte del ecosistema
natural y en equilibrio estático con el territorio,
en el paradigma entrópico de la era preindustrial;
progresivamente como mecanismo y máquina
térmica (dinámica y en desequilibrio), con el avance
del paradigma mecánico; hasta una visión actual
de la ciudad utópica futura como un organismo
cibernético, en equilibrio dinámico con el medio,
que será el resultado de la visión actual del mundo,
esto es, el paradigma de una época de transición
energética, que tiene en la teoría de las estructuras
disipativas una referencia de nuevo paradigma
científico (Rifkin 1980).
A pesar de sus carencias, podemos poner en valor
las nuevas utopías por su capacidad de inspirar un
cambio cultural e influir en las decisiones políticas,
constituyendo de este modo un efectivo mecanismo
de retroalimentación y autocontrol de la sociedad
en vistas a lograr un mundo más sostenible.
Starting from the ideas of Mumford (1922) and Rifkin (1980), we can consider utopias as a projection of the potentialities and expectations of a certain energy environment as well as of the energy transformers of said environment, among which are both, technology and the social and political institutions. Returning to the metaphors of architecture as an organism or mechanism (Fernández-Galiano 1991), it is studied how each vision of the world will successively inspire the image of a utopian city: as an organism part of the natural ecosystem and in static balance with the territory, in the entropic paradigm of the pre-industrial era; progressively as a mechanism and a thermal machine (dynamic and out of balance), with the advancement of the mechanical paradigm; up to a current vision of the future utopian city as a cybernetic organism, in dynamic equilibrium with the environment, which will be the result of the current vision of the world, that is, the paradigm of an era of energy transition, which has in the theory of dissipative structures a reference to a new scientific paradigm (Rifkin 1980). Despite their shortcomings, we can value the new utopias for their ability to inspire a cultural change and influence our political decisions, thus constituting an effective feedback and self-control mechanism for society in order to achieve a more sustainable world.
Starting from the ideas of Mumford (1922) and Rifkin (1980), we can consider utopias as a projection of the potentialities and expectations of a certain energy environment as well as of the energy transformers of said environment, among which are both, technology and the social and political institutions. Returning to the metaphors of architecture as an organism or mechanism (Fernández-Galiano 1991), it is studied how each vision of the world will successively inspire the image of a utopian city: as an organism part of the natural ecosystem and in static balance with the territory, in the entropic paradigm of the pre-industrial era; progressively as a mechanism and a thermal machine (dynamic and out of balance), with the advancement of the mechanical paradigm; up to a current vision of the future utopian city as a cybernetic organism, in dynamic equilibrium with the environment, which will be the result of the current vision of the world, that is, the paradigm of an era of energy transition, which has in the theory of dissipative structures a reference to a new scientific paradigm (Rifkin 1980). Despite their shortcomings, we can value the new utopias for their ability to inspire a cultural change and influence our political decisions, thus constituting an effective feedback and self-control mechanism for society in order to achieve a more sustainable world.
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Calzado de Toro, P., y Raposo Grau, J. F. (2022). Utopías y entorno energético. La utopía urbana contemporánea y el paradigma de las estructuras disipativas. REIA, (19), 9-30. http://reia.es/REIA19_01.pdf



