Real world evidence para determinar la efectividad con inmunoterapia subcutánea para gramíneas y olea europea
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Pérez Montero, Ana María
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Carnés Sánchez, Jerónimo
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Abstract
Introducción:
La inmunoterapia subcutánea representa una de las pocas intervenciones capaces de modificar la evolución natural de las enfermedades alérgicas respiratorias. Aunque su eficacia ha sido ampliamente demostrada en ensayos clínicos controlados, es necesario aportar evidencia en condiciones de práctica clínica real, donde influyen factores como la heterogeneidad de los pacientes, la exposición a alérgenos y la adherencia al tratamiento.
Objetivos:
Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la inmunoterapia subcutánea con extractos despigmentados polimerizados de gramíneas y Olea europaea (2000 DPP/mL), administrada durante tres años, en pacientes alérgicos a ambas fuentes. Como objetivos secundarios, analizar la evolución de los
niveles de IgE específica y determinar la persistencia de los beneficios clínicos tras la finalización del
tratamiento.
Métodos:
Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo en el Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid entre 2012 y 2016. Se revisaron 92 historias clínicas, de las cuales 76 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y completaron la inmunoterapia. Se recogieron variables clínicas (síntomas nasales, oculares y respiratorios), consumo de medicación, niveles de IgE específica y posibles reacciones adversas. El análisis incluyó la población global y subgrupos por edad.
Resultados:
Se observó una mejoría significativa en todos los síntomas estudiados. El uso de antihistamínicos descendió del 98,9% al 75%, el de broncodilatadores del 75% al 17,1% y el de corticoides nasales del 66,3% al 6,6%. Los niveles de IgE específica frente a gramíneas y Olea europaea disminuyeron de manera significativa tras los tres años de tratamiento. El análisis por grupos de edad mostró eficacia en todas las cohortes, con mayor respuesta en pacientes pediátricos. Dos años después de la finalización, la mayoría de los pacientes mantenía la mejoría clínica. La seguridad fue favorable: el 18,4% presentó reacciones locales leves, sin necesidad de suspender la inmunoterapia.
Conclusiones:
La inmunoterapia subcutánea con extractos despigmentados-polimerizados de gramíneas y Olea europaea es eficaz y segura en condiciones de vida real. Reduce significativamente los síntomas y la necesidad de medicación, mejora la calidad de vida y mantiene beneficios clínicos e inmunológicos a largo plazo, consolidándose como una estrategia modificadora de la enfermedad en rinitis y asma alérgica.
Introduction: Subcutaneous immunotherapy is one of the few therapeutic approaches capable of modifying the natural course of allergic respiratory diseases. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, real-life evidence is required to address patient heterogeneity, allergen exposure, and adherence. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with depigmented polymerized extracts of grasses and Olea europaea (2000 DPP/mL) administered over three years in allergic patients. Secondary objectives included analyzing changes in allergen-specific IgE levels and assessing the persistence of clinical benefits after treatment discontinuation. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Quirónsalud University Hospital Madrid between 2012 and 2016. Clinical records of 92 patients were reviewed; 76 met inclusion criteria and completed treatment. Variables included nasal, ocular, and respiratory symptoms, medication use, specific IgE levels, and adverse events. Analyses were performed in the overall population and by age groups. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in all symptoms assessed (p<0.001). Antihistamine use decreased from 98.9% to 75%, bronchodilator use from 75% to 17.1%, and nasal corticosteroids from 66.3% to 6.6%. Specific IgE levels to grasses and Olea europaea significantly declined after three years of therapy. Age-group analysis showed efficacy in all cohorts, with stronger responses in pediatric patients. Two years after discontinuation, most patients maintained clinical improvement. Safety was favorable: 18.4% experienced mild local reactions without treatment interruption. Conclusions: Subcutaneous immunotherapy with depigmented-polymerized extracts of grasses and Olea europaea is effective and safe under real-life conditions. It significantly reduces symptoms and medication use, improves quality of life, and maintains long-term clinical and immunological benefits, confirming its role as a disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Introduction: Subcutaneous immunotherapy is one of the few therapeutic approaches capable of modifying the natural course of allergic respiratory diseases. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials, real-life evidence is required to address patient heterogeneity, allergen exposure, and adherence. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy with depigmented polymerized extracts of grasses and Olea europaea (2000 DPP/mL) administered over three years in allergic patients. Secondary objectives included analyzing changes in allergen-specific IgE levels and assessing the persistence of clinical benefits after treatment discontinuation. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Quirónsalud University Hospital Madrid between 2012 and 2016. Clinical records of 92 patients were reviewed; 76 met inclusion criteria and completed treatment. Variables included nasal, ocular, and respiratory symptoms, medication use, specific IgE levels, and adverse events. Analyses were performed in the overall population and by age groups. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in all symptoms assessed (p<0.001). Antihistamine use decreased from 98.9% to 75%, bronchodilator use from 75% to 17.1%, and nasal corticosteroids from 66.3% to 6.6%. Specific IgE levels to grasses and Olea europaea significantly declined after three years of therapy. Age-group analysis showed efficacy in all cohorts, with stronger responses in pediatric patients. Two years after discontinuation, most patients maintained clinical improvement. Safety was favorable: 18.4% experienced mild local reactions without treatment interruption. Conclusions: Subcutaneous immunotherapy with depigmented-polymerized extracts of grasses and Olea europaea is effective and safe under real-life conditions. It significantly reduces symptoms and medication use, improves quality of life, and maintains long-term clinical and immunological benefits, confirming its role as a disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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“Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud”
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Bibliographic reference
Pérez Montero, A. M. (2026). Real world evidence para determinar la efectividad con inmunoterapia subcutánea para gramíneas y Olea europaea. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. https://hdl.handle.net/11268/17146








