Huellas y soportes. Espacios públicos para “Berlin Haupstadt”
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Gonzalo Díaz-Recasens, M. E.
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Abstract
El cambio de contexto tras los bombardeos
de la 2ª Guerra Mundial, aumentó la distancia
existente entre los presupuestos urbanísticos
proclamados por los CIAM y las necesidades
reales en la reconstrucción de las ciudades
europeas. Un cierto escepticismo se extendió
entre los propios participantes, dando lugar
al desplazamiento desde la teoría urbanística
a la práctica proyectiva, que trataba de dar respuestas
a cuestiones concretas para posteriormente
extraer las conclusiones. El concurso
convocado por la IBA de 1957 para re-instaurar
la capital alemana: “Berlin Hauptstadt”
supone un último registro de estas reacciones
pragmáticas producidas en el seno de los
CIAM que pone de relieve las contradicciones
del urbanismo CIAM ante el nuevo contexto
aparecido:
La nueva monumentalidad propuesta en los
CIAM para la ciudad moderna, necesidad
intuida de acercar la escala al hombre de a pié.
El paisaje de escombros dramáticamente real,
contrastaba con la naturaleza teórica más
o menos fértil y homogénea supuesta por el
urbanismo moderno.
El desbordamiento de las nuevas extensiones
urbanas, reavivó el interés por el proyecto
de paisaje y por el lugar como receptáculo de
la existencia. La ciudad medieval, carente
de plan urbanístico, se recuperó como ideal de
espacio público esculpido por la huella del uso.
The changed context appeared after the 2nd World War, influenced the urban planning to rebuild European cities, showing a gap between the theories of CIAM urbanism and the city necessities. Thereby, the 1958 “Berlin Hauptstadt” competition can be understood as the last episode in the urban planning´s history for a united Berlin before the Wall building, as well as the last episode of the CIAM urbanism. Some kind of scepticism in most of the CIAM participants, led them to respond specific cases and then after draw conclusions. A pragmatic attitude that could stimulate a development from the Modern Urbanism to projective practices highlighting the contradictions of CIAM urbanism in a new found context. The new monumentality that gave a higher scale to modern cities was far away from the daily public spaces lived in ancient European cities, closer to a human scale. A real and dramatic landscape of ruins was difficult to assume as the theoretical nature that modern urbanism proposed. The overflowed territorial areas appointed the necessity to recover the landscape architecture technics. The medieval city became an ideal of non-projected public space a reference in several proposals submitted for this competition.
The changed context appeared after the 2nd World War, influenced the urban planning to rebuild European cities, showing a gap between the theories of CIAM urbanism and the city necessities. Thereby, the 1958 “Berlin Hauptstadt” competition can be understood as the last episode in the urban planning´s history for a united Berlin before the Wall building, as well as the last episode of the CIAM urbanism. Some kind of scepticism in most of the CIAM participants, led them to respond specific cases and then after draw conclusions. A pragmatic attitude that could stimulate a development from the Modern Urbanism to projective practices highlighting the contradictions of CIAM urbanism in a new found context. The new monumentality that gave a higher scale to modern cities was far away from the daily public spaces lived in ancient European cities, closer to a human scale. A real and dramatic landscape of ruins was difficult to assume as the theoretical nature that modern urbanism proposed. The overflowed territorial areas appointed the necessity to recover the landscape architecture technics. The medieval city became an ideal of non-projected public space a reference in several proposals submitted for this competition.
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Gonzalo Díaz-Recasens, M. E. (2014). Huellas y soportes. Espacios públicos para “Berlin Haupstadt”. REIA: Revista Europea de Investigación en Arquitectura, (2), 49-62. http://reia.es/REIA203.pdf



