Análisis de las interacciones entre la imagen corporal, nutrición, salud mental y tipo de entrenamiento
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Jiménez Morcillo, Jorge
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Abstract
La presente tesis doctoral investiga las complejas interacciones existentes entre la imagen
corporal, la nutrición, y la salud mental, relacionándolas con variables específicas del
entrenamiento de fuerza. Además, destaca las diferencias de género en la percepción de la
satisfacción corporal entre adultos jóvenes, estableciendo una relación con rasgos psicológicos y
hábitos nutricionales, vinculándolos al volumen y a la duración del entrenamiento. Aunque existe
una considerable investigación en estos campos, faltan estudios que integren estos factores de
manera integral para comprender su efecto combinado. Por ello, esta tesis tiene como objetivo
general investigar la interacción de los hábitos nutricionales, el perfil psicométrico y la
práctica de entrenamiento de fuerza, y su efecto en la percepción y satisfacción de la imagen
corporal.
Los objetivos específicos de esta investigación incluyen analizar cómo los mecanismos
multifactoriales influyen en la aparición de la fatiga durante el ejercicio físico, diferenciando
entre la fatiga central y periférica; determinar las diferencias de género en la percepción de
satisfacción corporal en individuos que entrenan fuerza, considerando el papel de los hábitos
nutricionales, rasgos psicológicos, niveles de actividad física y métricas de salud; explorar la
relación entre la duración del entrenamiento, la percepción de la imagen corporal, las prácticas
nutricionales y la salud mental en individuos que practican entrenamiento de fuerza; e investigar
cómo las percepciones de la imagen corporal afectan los comportamientos y resultados de salud en
jóvenes adultos, diferenciando entre percepciones positivas y negativas.
Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios que incluyeron evaluaciones
cuantitativas de variables psicológicas, hábitos nutricionales y respuestas fisiológicas en una
muestra de 605 individuos activos en entrenamiento de fuerza. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante
cuestionarios en línea y analizados usando técnicas estadísticas avanzadas.
En conclusión, un aumento en la frecuencia de entrenamiento impacta negativamente en las elecciones
nutricionales y se correlaciona positivamente con un incremento del neuroticismo. Desde una
perspectiva nutricional, un volumen y una frecuencia de entrenamiento elevados se asociaron con un
mayor consumo de bebidas energéticas, lo
cual puede afectar negativamente la salud. Sin embargo, un volumen y una frecuencia de entrenamiento elevados también se relacionaron con una mejor percepción de la imagen
corporal, aunque esta relación no siempre se traduce en elecciones nutricionales más saludables
para todos los individuos. Finalmente, un bajo volumen y una baja frecuencia de entrenamiento
mostraron una correlación estadísticamente significativa con un perfil
psicométrico más bajo, afectando negativamente la salud mental de los sujetos.
This doctoral thesis investigates the complex interactions between body image, nutrition, and mental health, linking them to specific variables of strength training. Additionally, it highlights gender differences in the perception of body satisfaction among young adults, establishing a relationship with psychological traits and nutritional habits, and linking these to the volume and duration of training. While considerable research exists in these fields, there is a lack of studies integrating these factors integrally to understand their combined effect. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the interaction of nutritional habits, psychometric profile, and strength training practice, and their effect on body image perception and satisfaction. The specific objectives of this research include analyzing how multifactorial mechanisms influence the onset of fatigue during physical exercise, differentiating between central and peripheral fatigue; determining gender differences in body satisfaction perception among strength training individuals, considering the role of nutritional habits, psychological traits, physical activity levels, and health metrics; exploring the relationship between training duration, body image perception, nutritional practices, and mental health in strength training individuals; and investigating how body image perceptions affect health behaviors and outcomes in young adults, distinguishing between positive and negative perceptions. To achieve these objectives, four studies were conducted, involving quantitative assessments of psychological variables, nutritional habits, and physiological responses in a sample of 605 active strength training individuals. Data were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using advanced statistical techniques. In conclusion, an increase in training frequency can negatively impact nutritional choices and correlate with increased neuroticism. From a nutritional perspective, higher training volume and frequency were associated with greater consumption of energy drinks, which may negatively affect health. However, higher training volume and frequency also related to better body image perception, although this relationship does not always translate to healthier nutritional choices for all individuals. Finally, low training volume and frequency showed a statistically significant correlation with less healthy nutritional choices and lower psychometric profiles, negatively affecting mental health.
This doctoral thesis investigates the complex interactions between body image, nutrition, and mental health, linking them to specific variables of strength training. Additionally, it highlights gender differences in the perception of body satisfaction among young adults, establishing a relationship with psychological traits and nutritional habits, and linking these to the volume and duration of training. While considerable research exists in these fields, there is a lack of studies integrating these factors integrally to understand their combined effect. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the interaction of nutritional habits, psychometric profile, and strength training practice, and their effect on body image perception and satisfaction. The specific objectives of this research include analyzing how multifactorial mechanisms influence the onset of fatigue during physical exercise, differentiating between central and peripheral fatigue; determining gender differences in body satisfaction perception among strength training individuals, considering the role of nutritional habits, psychological traits, physical activity levels, and health metrics; exploring the relationship between training duration, body image perception, nutritional practices, and mental health in strength training individuals; and investigating how body image perceptions affect health behaviors and outcomes in young adults, distinguishing between positive and negative perceptions. To achieve these objectives, four studies were conducted, involving quantitative assessments of psychological variables, nutritional habits, and physiological responses in a sample of 605 active strength training individuals. Data were collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using advanced statistical techniques. In conclusion, an increase in training frequency can negatively impact nutritional choices and correlate with increased neuroticism. From a nutritional perspective, higher training volume and frequency were associated with greater consumption of energy drinks, which may negatively affect health. However, higher training volume and frequency also related to better body image perception, although this relationship does not always translate to healthier nutritional choices for all individuals. Finally, low training volume and frequency showed a statistically significant correlation with less healthy nutritional choices and lower psychometric profiles, negatively affecting mental health.
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Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Actividad Física y Deporte
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Bibliographic reference
Jiménez Morcillo, J. (2024). Análisis de las interacciones entre la imagen corporal, nutrición, salud mental y tipo de entrenamiento. [Tesis doctoral, Universidad Europea de Madrid]. ABACUS Repositorio de Producción Científica. http://hdl.handle.net/11268/14162








