López-Cózar Navarro, CristinaMuñoz Sepúlveda, JesúsPriede Bergamini, Tiziana2025-05-072025López-Cózar Navarro, C., Muñoz Sepúlveda, J. A., & Priede Bergamini, T. (2025). The impact of masculinities on university students’ intentions to engage in commercial and social entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-04-2024-01411756-62661756-6274http://hdl.handle.net/11268/14615Purpose – The objective of this paper is to examine whether there are differences between male and female students, as well as the relationship of job attributes that have commonly been associated with masculinity and commercial and social entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data from a representative sample of students enrolled in public and private universities in the Community of Madrid (Spain) are used. The methodology is based on the estimation of a probit model to evaluate the influence of gender and job-related factors linked to male or female aspects on the intention to develop commercial and social entrepreneurship (SE) projects. Findings – Results show superior commercial entrepreneurship (CE) on the behalf of men and a greater linkage with masculinity characteristics. Likewise, we found a greater propensity for SE intention on behalf of women, but this intention is not significantly linked to masculine job attributes, consequently masculinity is not an obstacle to engage in social projects. Originality/value – The findings empirically demonstrate differences in commercial and SE intention regarding masculinity, considering male sex and job attributes believed as masculine.engjournal article10.1108/IJGE-04-2024-0141embargoed accessCiencias sociales y humanasEconomía de la empresaRol sexualGoal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls