Petri Romão, PapoulaMartínez Alés, GonzaloMartínez Morata, IreneMoreno Küstner, BertaFernández Jiménez, EduardoHecker, IrwinMelchior, MariaMittendorfer Rutz, EllenorSijbrandij, MaritWalter, Henriket al.2025-11-262025-11-262025Petri-Romão, P., Martínez-Alés, G., Martinez-Morata, I., Moreno-Küstner, B., Fernández-Jiménez, E., Hecker, I., Melchior, M., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Sijbrandij, M., Walter, H., Witteveen, A. B., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Bravo-Ortiz, M.-F., Kalisch, R., Puhlmann, L. M. C., & Mediavilla, R. (2025). Resilience changes and occupational resilience factors among healthcare workers during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A 2-year prospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 29263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09829-82045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/11268/16525Healthcare workers (HCWs) in COVID-19 pandemic hotspots were exposed to heightened workplace stressor load. Structural occupational resilience factors could prevent work-related stressor exposure from translating into mental health problems but remain poorly understood. This study identifies resilience factors actionable at the workplace and examines the impact of prior stressor exposure early in the pandemic on the later development of depressive and general distress symptoms. These results show that resilient responses of HCWs in times of crisis could be supported by promoting structural occupational resilience factors and mitigating cumulative stressor exposure. Future research should test this association in studies that allow causal inferences.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article10.1038/s41598-025-09829-8open accessCiencias médicasSalud mentalPolítica de la saludGoal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesGoal 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for allGoal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries