Prado Abril, JavierFernández García, XacobeBarber, PatriciaVega, Irene de laVilagrà, RaülFernández Jiménez, Eduardo2025-11-262025-11-262025Prado-Abril, J., Fernández-García, X., Barber, P., De La Vega, I., Vilagrà, R., & Fernández-Jiménez, E. (2025). How many specialists and residents in Clinical Psychology are required in the Spanish National Health System? A needs-based study. Human Resources for Health, 23(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-025-01017-z1478-4491https://hdl.handle.net/11268/16524The Spanish National Health System (NHS) faces a significant shortage of clinical psychologists with only 5.58 per 100,000 inhabitants. This study aimed to estimate the required number of specialists and residents in Clinical Psychology to provide adequate psychological treatments to the population in the NHS. A significant increase in the number of PIR positions is necessary to meet the growing demand for psychological treatment in the Spanish NHS. Investing in a mental-health workforce can lead to substantial health and economic benefits. This study provides valuable insights for workforce planning and highlights the importance of addressing the shortage of clinical psychologists in the NHS.engAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/journal article10.1186/s12960-025-01017-zopen accessPolítica de la saludPsicología clínicaPolítica de la saludGoal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesGoal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countriesGoal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies