Aghili, MahdiAghaei, Mohammad-MahdiAbyaneh, RominaBabaei, MohammadFarhan, FarshidLashkari, MarziehFarazmand, BornaKolahdouzan, KasraPiozzi, Guglielmo NiccolòCouñago Lorenzo, FelipeEt.al.2025-09-292025-09-292025Aghili, M., Aghaei, M.-M., Abyaneh, R., Babaei, M., Farhan, F., Lashkari, M., Farazmand, B., Kolahdouzan, K., Piozzi, G. N., Counago, F., & Ghalehtaki, R. (2025). Short-course versus long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer: Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Colorectal Disease, 40(1), 118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-025-04901-11432-1262https://hdl.handle.net/11268/16250Short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) and long-course radiotherapy (LCRT) are the primary neoadjuvant radiotherapy schedules for locally advanced rectal cancer. Recent research has questioned the efficacy of SCRT. This study presents an updated analysis of our previous research, extending the follow-up to evaluate 5-year outcomes by comparing the long-term results of these two strategies. This randomized controlled trial compared SCRT and LCRT in locally advanced middle or high rectal adenocarcinoma. The SCRT group received 25 Gy/5 fractions over 1 week plus CAPOX, while the LCRT group received 50–50.4 Gy/25–28 fractions over 5–5.5 weeks plus capecitabine. All patients received consolidation chemotherapy and then underwent delayed surgery after 8 weeks or more post-radiotherapy. The endpoints of this updated analysis include overall survival (OS),disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM).engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Neoplasias del rectoTerapia NeoadyuvanteRadioterapiajournal article10.1007/s00384-025-04901-1open accessCáncerTratamiento médicoGoal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages