Martínez Planas, AinaBaquero Artigao, FernandoMéndez Echevarría, AnaRosal, Teresa delRodríguez Molino, PaulaToro Rueda, CarlosBustillo Alonso, MatildeLafuente, MiguelTagarro García, AlfredoEt al.2025-08-182025-08-182025Martínez-Planas, A., Baquero-Artigao, F., Méndez-Echevarría, A., Del Rosal, T., Rodríguez-Molino, P., Toro-Rueda, C., Bustillo-Alonso, M., Lafuente, M., Canet, A., Manzanares, Á., Tagarro, A., Sanz-Santaeufemia, F. J., Guillén-Martín, S., Cilleruelo, M. J., Falcón-Neyra, L., Santiago, B., Rincón, E., Lillo, M., Soriano-Arandes, A., … The European Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lymphadenitis In Children Study. (2025). A 28-year multicenter cohort study of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children, spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31(3). https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3103.2412541080-60401080-6059https://hdl.handle.net/11268/16084Describe the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis cases detailed in a 28-year (1996–2023) multicenter cohort from Spain. The case numbers remained stable during the initial prospective phase (2013–2020), but a sharp decline was observed during 2021–2022. Disease onset occurred during spring or June in 45.9% of cases. Mycobacterium avium complex (43.1%) and M. lentiflavum (39.9%) were the most common species detected. M. lentiflavum affected mostly younger children from central Spain. The most common treatment strategy was complete surgical resection with (n = 80) or without (n = 88) antimicrobial drug treatment, followed by antimicrobial drugs alone (n = 76). Facial palsy developed in 10.4% of surgical cases. Adverse events because of antimicrobial drugs were uncommon. New fistula formation during follow-up occurred more in children managed with observation alone than in those treated with antimicrobial drugs alone (relative risk 2.7 [95% CI 1.3–5.3]; p = 0.014).engMycobacteriumLinfadenitisAntiinfecciososjournal article10.3201/eid3103.241254open accessBacteriaEpidemiologíaTratamiento médicoGoal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages