Tagarro García, AlfredoMoraleda, CintaDomínguez Rodríguez, SaraRodríguez Domínguez, MarioMartín, María DoloresHerreros Fernández, María LuisaJensen, JuliaLópez, AgustínGalán, Juan CarlosOtheo, Enrique2022-07-092022-07-092022Tagarro, A., Moraleda, C., Domínguez Rodríguez, S., Rodríguez, M., Martín, M. D., Herreros, M. L., Jensen, J., López, A., Galán, J. C., Otheo, E., & VALS-DANCE Study Group (2022). A Tool to Distinguish Viral From Bacterial Pneumonia. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 41(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.00000000000033400891-36681532-0987http://hdl.handle.net/11268/11447Background: Establishing the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children at admission is challenging. Most of the admitted children with CAP receive antibiotics. We aimed to build and validate a diagnostic tool combining clinical, analytical and radiographic features to differentiate viral from bacterial CAP, and among bacterial CAP, typical from atypical bacteria. Methods: Design-observational, multi-center, prospective cohort study was conducted in 2 phases. Settings: 24 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Spain. Patients-A total of 495 consecutive hospitalized children between 1 month and 16 years of age with CAP were enrolled. Interventions-A score with 2 sequential steps was built (training set, 70% patients, and validation set 30%). Step 1 differentiates between viral and bacterial CAP and step 2 between typical and atypical bacterial CAP. Optimal cutoff points were selected to maximize specificity setting a high sensitivity (80%). Weights of each variable were calculated with a multivariable logistic regression. Main outcome measures-Viral or bacterial etiology. Results: In total, 262 (53%) children (median age: 2 years, 52.3% male) had an etiologic diagnosis. In step 1, bacterial CAPs were classified with a sensitivity = 97%, a specificity = 48%, and a ROC's area under the curve = 0.81. If a patient with CAP was classified as bacterial, he/she was assessed with step 2. Typical bacteria were classified with a sensitivity = 100%, a specificity = 64% and area under the curve = 0.90. We implemented the score into a mobile app named Pneumonia Etiology Predictor, freely available at usual app stores, that provides the probability of each etiology. Conclusions: This 2-steps tool can facilitate the physician's decision to prescribe antibiotics without compromising patient safety.engNeumonía viralNeumonía bacterianajournal article10.1097/INF.0000000000003340restricted accessEnfermedad transmisibleVirusPediatría